Solid-state fluoroscopic imager for high-resolution angiography: physical characteristics of an 8 cm x 8 cm experimental prototype.

Solid-state fluoroscopic imager for high-resolution angiography: physical characteristics of an 8 cm x 8 cm experimental prototype.
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用于高分辨率血管造影的固态荧光成像仪:8 厘米 x 8 厘米实验原型的物理特性。

DOI:
10.1118/1.1750992
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发表时间:
2004
期刊:
影响因子:
3.8
通讯作者:
Onishi,StevenK
Onishi,StevenK
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Vedantham,Srinivasan;Karellas,Andrew;Suryanarayanan,Sankararaman;Onishi,StevenK

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本文从预采样调制传递函数 (MTF)、噪声功率谱 (NPS) 和探测量子效率 (DQE) 方面介绍了专为高分辨率透视设计并在透视(30 帧/秒)模式下运行的 8 cm×8 cm 三侧可对接电荷耦合器件 (CCD) 成像仪的性能。 8 cm×8 cm CCD 成像器通过非缩小(直,1:1)光纤耦合到 450 μm 厚的 CsI:Tl 闪烁体。 CCD 成像器的基本像素间距为 39 μm,并包含光学不透明的行间(数据)通道。 CCD 成像仪通过在读出之前对 4×4 相邻像素进行合并,以 156 μm 像素间距运行。测量荧光镜图像延迟并在 DQE 估计中进行考虑,以提供延迟校正的 DQE。当成像仪在 156 μm 像素间距(奈奎斯特采样极限:3.21 cy/mm)下运行时,在 10% 预采样 MTF 下测得的极限空间分辨率为 3.6 cy/mm。在脉冲透视模式下,第一帧图像滞后小于0.9%。即使在 1 μR/帧的低荧光镜曝光率下,也能实现约 0.62 的滞后校正 DQE(0)。网格幻影测量表明没有明显的失真。荧光镜曝光率下的 DQE 和图像延迟测量结果与 MTF 观察到的高空间分辨率相结合,表明这种类型的成像仪或其变体可能是高分辨率神经介入成像、心血管成像、儿科血管造影和小动物成像的潜在候选者。由于 CCD 是三边可对接的,因此可以将四个这样的 CCD 模块连接起来形成 2×2 矩阵,提供 16 cm×16 cm 的视场。
In this paper, the performance of an 8 cm×8 cm three‐side buttable charge‐coupled device (CCD)‐based imager specially designed for high‐resolution fluoroscopy and operating in fluoroscopic (30 frames/second) mode is presented in terms of the presampling modulation transfer function (MTF), noise power spectrum (NPS), and detective quantum efficiency (DQE). The 8 cm×8 cm CCD imager is coupled to a 450 μm thick CsI:Tl scintillator by nondemagnifying (straight, 1:1) fiberoptics. The CCD imager has a fundamental pixel pitch of 39 μm and incorporates an optically opaque interline (data) channel. The CCD imager was operated at 156 μm pixel pitch by binning 4×4 adjacent pixels prior to readout. The fluoroscopic image lag was measured and accounted for in the DQE estimate to provide lag‐corrected DQE. The measured limiting spatial resolution at 10% presampling MTF with the imager operated at 156 μm pixel pitch (Nyquist sampling limit: 3.21 cy/mm) was 3.6 cy/mm. In the pulsed fluoroscopic mode, the first‐frame image lag was less than 0.9%. The lag‐corrected DQE(0) of ∼0.62 was achieved even at a low fluoroscopic exposure rate of 1 μR/frame. Grid phantom measurements indicate no appreciable distortion. Results from DQE and image lag measurements at fluoroscopic exposure rates combined with the high spatial resolution observed from the MTF suggest that this type of imager or its variants may be a potential candidate for high‐resolution neuro‐interventional imaging, cardiovascular imaging, pediatric angiography, and small animal imaging. Since the CCD is three‐side buttable, four such CCD modules can be joined to form a 2×2 matrix providing a field of view of 16 cm×16 cm.
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