Opposing directions of stage-specific body shape change in a close relative of C. elegans.
Opposing directions of stage-specific body shape change in a close relative of C. elegans.
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DOI：
10.1186/s40850-022-00131-y
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发表时间：
2022-07-06
期刊：
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Phillips, Patrick C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hammerschmith, Eric W.;Woodruff, Gavin C.;Moser, Kimberly A.;Johnson, Erik;Phillips, Patrick C.
体型是一个基本的有机体特征。然而，随着身体大小和生态环境在发育过程中发生变化，进化分歧可能会导致发育阶段之间身体大小多样性出现意想不到的模式。这在专门用于传播的多酚发育阶段可能特别明显。多尔幼虫是线虫的一个阶段，而线虫则通过无脊椎动物载体传播。在这里，我们描述了线虫Caenorhabditis inopinata的抗应激、dauer样幼虫阶段的形态，其成虫可以长到其近亲模式生物秀丽隐杆线虫的近两倍长。我们发现，C. inopinata 的两个分离株的 dauer 状、抗应激幼虫阶段平均比秀丽隐杆线虫的 dauer 幼虫短 13%，宽 30%，尽管其成虫阶段要长得多。此外，许多类似 C. inopinata dauer 的幼虫被包裹住，这可能是该谱系中的一个新奇之处，让人想起寄生线虫的感染性幼虫。还观察到 24 个野生 C. inopinata 分离株中 dauer 样幼虫形成频率的变化，尽管所有分离株的频率都很低 (< 2%)，许多分离株在常规实验室条件下无法产生 dauer 样幼虫。大多数Caenorhabditis物种在腐烂的植物中繁衍生息，并在蜗牛、蛞蝓或等足类动物（等等）上传播，而C. inopinata在生态上有所不同，在新鲜的无花果无花果中繁衍生息，并在授粉黄蜂上传播。虽然无花果环境中存在一些未知因素会促进 C. inopinata 成虫的体型变长，但无花果黄蜂载体的小尺寸或独特的生活史可能会导致其抗应激幼虫阶段的不同形态。对该阶段的行为、发育和形态的进一步表征将完善与其他物种同源发育阶段的联系，并确定跨多个发育阶段的生态分歧是否会促进单个物种内体型尺寸的意外和相反的变化。在线版本包含可在 10.1186/s40850-022-00131-y 获取的补充材料。
Body size is a fundamental organismal trait. However, as body size and ecological contexts change across developmental time, evolutionary divergence may cause unexpected patterns of body size diversity among developmental stages. This may be particularly evident in polyphenic developmental stages specialized for dispersal. The dauer larva is such a stage in nematodes, and Caenorhabditis species disperse by traveling on invertebrate carriers. Here, we describe the morphology of a stress-resistant, dauer-like larval stage of the nematode Caenorhabditis inopinata, whose adults can grow to be nearly twice as long as its close relative, the model organism C. elegans. We find that a dauer-like, stress-resistant larval stage in two isolates of C. inopinata is on average 13% shorter and 30% wider than the dauer larvae of C. elegans, despite its much longer adult stage. Additionally, many C. inopinata dauer-like larvae were ensheathed, a possible novelty in this lineage reminiscent of the infective juveniles of parasitic nematodes. Variation in dauer-like larva formation frequency among twenty-four wild isolates of C. inopinata was also observed, although frequencies were low across all isolates (< 2%), with many isolates unable to produce dauer-like larvae under conventional laboratory conditions. Most Caenorhabditis species thrive on rotting plants and disperse on snails, slugs, or isopods (among others) whereas C. inopinata is ecologically divergent and thrives in fresh Ficus septica figs and disperses on their pollinating wasps. While there is some unknown factor of the fig environment that promotes elongated body size in C. inopinata adults, the small size or unique life history of its fig wasp carrier may be driving the divergent morphology of its stress-resistant larval stages. Further characterization of the behavior, development, and morphology of this stage will refine connections to homologous developmental stages in other species and determine whether ecological divergence across multiple developmental stages can promote unexpected and opposing changes in body size dimensions within a single species. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40850-022-00131-y.
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影响因子：
16.6
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