Indigenous Responses to Protestant Missionaries: Educational Competition and Economic Development in Ottoman Turkey
Indigenous Responses to Protestant Missionaries: Educational Competition and Economic Development in Ottoman Turkey
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原住民对新教传教士的反应：奥斯曼土耳其的教育竞争和经济发展
DOI：
10.1017/s0003975622000182
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Emre Amasyalı
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Emre Amasyalı
近年来，越来越多的文献声称，在欧洲以外的历史传教士社会的存在与积极的长期社会经济成果之间存在着强烈而一致的联系。然而，这些研究大多未能明确说明这一发现是传教士对人力资本投资的结果，还是当地行动者为响应传教士活动而加强教育努力的结果。本文以新教在奥斯曼土耳其的传教活动为例来区分这两种机制。奥斯曼帝国和亚美尼亚人民通过现代化和扩大他们的教育努力来应对传教士的入侵。然而，在共和国和现代土耳其建立之后，大多数教会学校被关闭，亚美尼亚人口急剧减少。利用直接效应的阻塞，本研究证实了间接效应或模拟在奥斯曼土耳其所起的作用。研究结果显示，教会学校和本地教育机构之间历来竞争激烈的地方，更有可能拥有更高的收入，这是通过夜间灯光密度来衡量的。
Abstract In recent years, a growing literature has claimed that there is a strong and consistent association between the presence of historic missionary societies outside Europe and positive long-term socio-economic outcomes. Yet, most of these studies fail to specify whether this finding is the result of missionary investment in human capital or of local actors stepping up their educational efforts in reaction to missionary activities. This article uses the example of Protestant missionary activity in Ottoman Turkey to separate these two mechanisms. The Ottoman state and the Armenian population responded to missionary incursions by modernizing and expanding their educational efforts. However, after the foundation of the Republic and of modern Turkey, most of the missionary schools were closed and the Armenian population was dramatically reduced. Using the blockage of direct effects, this study confirms the role that indirect effects or emulation has played in Ottoman Turkey. Results show that places with historically heightened competition between missionary schools and native educational institutions are more likely to have a higher income, as measured by night-time light density.
DOI：
10.1257/aer.102.2.994
发表时间：
2012-04
期刊：
The American economic review
影响因子：
--
作者：
Henderson JV;Storeygard A;Weil DN
通讯作者：
Weil DN