Morphodynamics of a growing microbial colony driven by cell death.
Morphodynamics of a growing microbial colony driven by cell death.
复制标题
由细胞死亡驱动的不断生长的微生物菌落的形态动力学。
作者：
Pushpita Ghosh;H. Levine
细菌细胞通常可以自组织成具有复杂时空形态的多细胞结构。在这项工作中，我们研究了在细胞死亡的情况下生长的微生物菌落的时空动态。我们提出了一个基于个体的非运动细菌细胞模型，它通过在半固体二维表面上消耗扩散的营养物质来生长和增殖。菌落通过细胞的生长力和滑动运动扩散，并经历细胞死亡，随后死细胞在培养基中解体。我们通过考虑两种可能的情况来模拟细胞死亡：在一种情况下，细胞死亡是对局部营养物质限制的反应，而另一种情况对应于一个主动死亡过程，称为凋亡或程序性细胞死亡。我们展示了细胞死亡如何影响菌落形态。我们的研究结果表明，细胞死亡促进了从大致圆形到高度分支结构的过渡，在扩大的殖民地的外围。有趣的是，我们的研究结果还显示，与初始营养浓度较低的菌落相比，在较高初始营养浓度下生长的菌落，细胞死亡发生得更早。这项工作提供了新的见解，分枝模式的生长细菌菌落作为生化和机械效应之间复杂的相互作用的结果。
Bacterial cells can often self-organize into multicellular structures with complex spatiotemporal morphology. In this work, we study the spatiotemporal dynamics of a growing microbial colony in the presence of cell death. We present an individual-based model of nonmotile bacterial cells which grow and proliferate by consuming diffusing nutrients on a semisolid two-dimensional surface. The colony spreads by growth forces and sliding motility of cells and undergoes cell death followed by subsequent disintegration of the dead cells in the medium. We model cell death by considering two possible situations: In one of the cases, cell death occurs in response to the limitation of local nutrients, while the other case corresponds to an active death process, known as apoptotic or programmed cell death. We demonstrate how the colony morphology is influenced by the presence of cell death. Our results show that cell death facilitates transitions from roughly circular to highly branched structures at the periphery of an expanding colony. Interestingly, our results also reveal that for the colonies which are growing in higher initial nutrient concentrations, cell death occurs much earlier compared to the colonies which are growing in lower initial nutrient concentrations. This work provides new insights into the branched patterning of growing bacterial colonies as a consequence of complex interplay among the biochemical and mechanical effects.
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