Cross-reactivity of SARS-CoV-2- and influenza A-specific T cells in individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2.

Cross-reactivity of SARS-CoV-2- and influenza A-specific T cells in individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2.
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DOI:
10.1172/jci.insight.158308
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发表时间:
2022-09-22
期刊:
影响因子:
8
通讯作者:
Schneck, Jonathan P.
Schneck, Jonathan P.
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chaisawangwong, Worarat;Wang, Hanzhi;Kouo, Theodore;Salathe, Sebastian F.;Isser, Ariel;Bieler, Joan Glick;Zhang, Maya L.;Livingston, Natalie K.;Li, Shuyi;Horowitz, Joseph J.;Samet, Ron E.;Zyskind, Israel;Rosenberg, Avi Z.;Schneck, Jonathan P.

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SARS-CoV-2 和其他相关冠状病毒之间的交叉反应免疫已得到充分证明,它可能在预防严重的 COVID-19 中发挥作用。大流行早期的流行病学研究表明,高流感疫苗接种率与较低的 SARS-CoV-2 感染发病率之间存在地理关联。因此,我们分析了暴露于甲型流感病毒 (IAV) 抗原是否会影响 T 细胞对 SARS-CoV-2 的反应,表明这两种不相关的病毒之间存在异源免疫反应。使用人工抗原呈递细胞 (aAPC) 与实时逆转录 PCR (RT-qPCR) 相结合,我们开发了一种灵敏的检测方法来快速筛选抗原特异性 T 细胞反应,并检测到对 SARS-CoV-2 表位和 IAV 显性表位 (M158-66) 的反应之间存在显着相关性。进一步分析表明,一些 COVID-19 恢复期供体表现出对多个 SARS-CoV-2 表位和 M158-66 的 T 细胞受体 (TCR) 特异性和功能性细胞因子反应。利用基于 aAPC 的刺激/扩增测定,我们检测到对 SARS-CoV-2 和 IAV 具有特异性的交叉反应 T 细胞。此外,交叉反应性 T 细胞和 IAV 特异性 T 细胞的 TCR 测序揭示了两个群体的 TCR 库之间的相似性。这些结果表明,由于我们接触其他不相关的地方性病毒而形成的异源免疫可能会影响我们对 SARS-CoV-2 等新型病毒的免疫反应。
Cross-reactive immunity between SARS-CoV-2 and other related coronaviruses has been well-documented, and it may play a role in preventing severe COVID-19. Epidemiological studies early in the pandemic showed a geographical association between high influenza vaccination rates and lower incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We, therefore, analyzed whether exposure to influenza A virus (IAV) antigens could influence the T cell repertoire in response to SARS-CoV-2, indicating a heterologous immune response between these 2 unrelated viruses. Using artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) combined with real-time reverse-transcription PCR (RT-qPCR), we developed a sensitive assay to quickly screen for antigen-specific T cell responses and detected a significant correlation between responses to SARS-CoV-2 epitopes and IAV dominant epitope (M158–66). Further analysis showed that some COVID-19 convalescent donors exhibited both T cell receptor (TCR) specificity and functional cytokine responses to multiple SARS-CoV-2 epitopes and M158–66. Utilizing an aAPC-based stimulation/expansion assay, we detected cross-reactive T cells with specificity to SARS-CoV-2 and IAV. In addition, TCR sequencing of the cross-reactive and IAV-specific T cells revealed similarities between the TCR repertoires of the two populations. These results indicate that heterologous immunity shaped by our exposure to other unrelated endemic viruses may affect our immune response to novel viruses such as SARS-CoV-2.
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