Removing the effect of response time on brain activity reveals developmental differences in conflict processing in the posterior medial prefrontal cortex.
Removing the effect of response time on brain activity reveals developmental differences in conflict processing in the posterior medial prefrontal cortex.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.07.064
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发表时间：
2012-01-02
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Weissman, Daniel H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carp, Joshua;Fitzgerald, Kate Dimond;Taylor, Stephan F.;Weissman, Daniel H.
在功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究中，研究人员经常试图确保大脑活动的群体差异不会与平均反应时间（RT）的群体差异混淆。然而，即使两组人的表现是匹配的，他们在RT-BOLD关系方面也可能有所不同：在逐个试验的基础上，大脑活动随RT变化的程度。因此，群体激活差异可能受到大脑活动和任务时间之间关系的群体差异的影响。在这里，我们研究了纠正这种潜在的混淆是否会改变大脑活动的群体差异。具体来说，我们重新分析了儿童和成人反应冲突的功能性MRI研究数据，其中传统分析表明，冲突相关活动在各组之间没有差异。我们发现，RT-BOLD关系在儿童中比在成人中弱。因此，在去除RT对大脑活动的影响后，儿童在后内侧前额叶皮层和右背外侧前额叶皮层中表现出比成人更大的冲突相关活动。这些结果确定RT-BOLD关系作为一个重要的潜在混淆组差异的fMRI研究。他们还表明，RT-BOLD关系的大小可能是大脑成熟度的有用生物标志物。
In functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, researchers often attempt to ensure that group differences in brain activity are not confounded with group differences in mean reaction time (RT). However, even when groups are matched for performance, they may differ in terms of the RT-BOLD relationship: the degree to which brain activity varies with RT on a trial-by-trial basis. Group activation differences might therefore be influenced by group differences in the relationship between brain activity and time on task. Here, we investigated whether correcting for this potential confound alters group differences in brain activity. Specifically, we reanalyzed data from a functional MRI study of response conflict in children and adults, in which conventional analyses indicated that conflict-related activity did not differ between groups. We found that the RT-BOLD relationship was weaker in children than in adults. Consequently, after removing the effect of RT on brain activity, children exhibited greater conflict-related activity than adults in both the posterior medial prefrontal cortex and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. These results identify the RT-BOLD relationship as an important potential confound in fMRI studies of group differences. They also suggest that the magnitude of the RT-BOLD relationship may be a useful biomarker of brain maturity.
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