The role of STING signaling in central nervous system infection and neuroinflammatory disease.

The role of STING signaling in central nervous system infection and neuroinflammatory disease.
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STING 信号在中枢神经系统感染和神经炎症性疾病中的作用。

DOI:
10.1002/wsbm.1597
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发表时间:
2023-05
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学3区
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--
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环鸟苷单磷酸腺苷单磷酸(GMP-AMP)合成酶刺激因子干扰素基因(cGAS-STING)途径是检测双链DNA (dsDNA)存在并引发强大免疫应答的关键先天免疫机制。典型的cGAS-STING激活发生在cGAS(一种主要的细胞质模式识别受体)结合微生物DNA促进STING激活时。STING激活后,转录因子进入细胞核导致I型干扰素的产生,I型干扰素是炎症细胞因子,其主要功能是通过产生许多抗病毒干扰素刺激基因来为宿主病毒感染做好准备。虽然该途径最初是在病毒感染中描述的,但最近的研究表明,cGAS-STING信号传导在许多不同的情况下,包括自身免疫性疾病、癌症、损伤和神经炎症性疾病。这篇综述的重点是我们对cGAS-STING通路的理解是如何随着时间的推移而演变的,重点是sting介导的神经炎症和感染在神经系统中的作用。我们讨论了最近关于STING信号如何参与疼痛、创伤性脑损伤和中风的病理,以及线粒体DNA如何在常见的神经退行性疾病中促进STING激活的研究结果。最后,我们评论了在STING成为神经炎症疾病的有效治疗靶点之前应该填补的现有知识空白。
The cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (GMP-AMP) synthase-Stimulator of Interferon Genes (cGAS-STING) pathway is a critical innate immune mechanism for detecting the presence of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and prompting a robust immune response. Canonical cGAS-STING activation occurs when cGAS, a predominantly cytosolic pattern recognition receptor, binds microbial DNA to promote STING activation. Upon STING activation, transcription factors enter the nucleus to cause the production of Type I interferons, inflammatory cytokines whose primary function is to prime the host for viral infection by producing a number of antiviral interferon-stimulated genes. While the pathway was originally described in viral infection, more recent studies have implicated cGAS-STING signaling in a number of different contexts, including autoimmune disease, cancer, injury, and neuroinflammatory disease. This review focuses on how our understanding of the cGAS-STING pathway has evolved over time with an emphasis on the role of STING-mediated neuroinflammation and infection in the nervous system. We discuss recent findings on how STING signaling contributes to the pathology of pain, traumatic brain injury, and stroke, as well as how mitochondrial DNA may promote STING activation in common neurodegenerative diseases. We conclude by commenting on the current knowledge gaps that should be filled before STING can be an effective therapeutic target in neuroinflammatory disease.
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