On the laws of attraction at cocktail parties: Babble noise influences the production of number agreement

On the laws of attraction at cocktail parties: Babble noise influences the production of number agreement
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鸡尾酒会上的吸引力法则:胡言乱语影响数字协议的产生

DOI:
10.1080/01690965.2012.696664
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
Language and Cognitive Processes
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Ruigendijk
Ruigendijk
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hamann;Ruigendijk

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对语言产生过程的理论解释认为,语法编码步骤在形成阶段基本上是自动进行的,不受其他认知过程的影响。本研究通过诱发一致吸引错误,考察了外部干扰噪声对口语中主谓一致产生的影响。我们模拟了嘈杂的环境,三种不同的语音与频谱,或频谱和强度调制特性的语音自由的声音。在沉默和未调制的噪音,我们发现了一个复数失配效应的证据,其中一个复数的本地名词吸引协议远离一个单数标记的中心名词。在调制噪声下,错误模式发生了变化,在序言的中心名词被标记为复数的情况下,错误的数量增加了。此外,背景噪声导致语音速率的降低和话语延迟的减少。我们的研究结果表明,非特定的,语音免费的噪音可以创建一个次要的任务负荷,产生影响的语法编码阶段的句子制定。我们认为,额外的负载会导致加工速度减慢,从而难以获得正确的中心名词的数量信息时,试图检索一个变形的动词形式。受试者通过在动词上使用默认的单数标记来克服这一困难。这项研究的结果挑战了先前关于语法编码阶段的信息封装的说法。
Theoretical accounts of the language production process have claimed that grammatical encoding steps during the formulation stage happen in a largely automatic fashion, unimpeded by other cognitive processes. By elicitingagreement attraction errors, our study tested the effect of external distractor noise on the generation of subject–verb agreement in spoken language. We modelled noisy environments with three different speech-free sounds with spectral, or both spectral and intensity modulation characteristics of speech. In silence and unmodulated noise, we found evidence for a plural mismatch effect, where a plural local noun attracts agreement away from a singular marked head noun. Under modulated noise the error patterns changed, and the number of errors increased in cases where the head noun of the preamble was marked for plural. In addition, background noise led to a reduction of speech rate and a reduction of utterance latency. Our results indicate that unspecific, speech-free noise can create a secondary task load which exerts an influence on the grammatical encoding stage of sentence formulation. We suggest that additional load leads to a slowing down of processing and subsequent difficulty to access the correct number information of the head noun when trying to retrieve an inflected verb form. Subjects overcome this difficulty by resorting to default singular marking on the verb. The results of this study challenge previous claims about the informational encapsulation of the grammatical encoding stage.
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