Cognitive Reflection, Decision Biases, and Response Times.

Cognitive Reflection, Decision Biases, and Response Times.
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DOI:
10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01402
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发表时间:
2016
影响因子:
3.8
通讯作者:
Hügelschäfer S
Hügelschäfer S
中科院分区:
心理学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Alós-Ferrer C;Garagnani M;Hügelschäfer S

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我们提出了新的证据的反应时间和人格特质的标准问题,从决策文献的反应相对较慢(中位数约半分钟或以上)。为此,我们测量了一些激励,框架项目(从描述中的决定)的反应时间,包括认知反射测试,两个额外的问题,遵循相同的逻辑,和一些经典的问题,用于研究决策偏差的概率判断(基本率忽视,连接谬误,比率偏差)。所有的问题都在直觉过程和更谨慎的思考之间产生冲突。对于每一个项目,我们都创建了一个无冲突的版本,要么使直觉冲动正确(导致对齐问题),要么关闭它(创建一个中性问题),要么使它占主导地位(创建一个启发式问题)。对于CRT问题,响应时间的差异是由双过程理论预测的,对齐和启发式变量导致更快的响应和中性问题,以较慢的响应比原来的,冲突的问题。对于决策偏差(反应较慢),证据是混合的。为了探讨人格因素对选择和反应时间的可能影响,我们使用了标准人格量表,包括个人经验量表和大五人格量表,并将它们作为回归分析的对照。
We present novel evidence on response times and personality traits in standard questions from the decision-making literature where responses are relatively slow (medians around half a minute or above). To this end, we measured response times in a number of incentivized, framed items (decisions from description) including the Cognitive Reflection Test, two additional questions following the same logic, and a number of classic questions used to study decision biases in probability judgments (base-rate neglect, the conjunction fallacy, and the ratio bias). All questions create a conflict between an intuitive process and more deliberative thinking. For each item, we then created a non-conflict version by either making the intuitive impulse correct (resulting in an alignment question), shutting it down (creating a neutral question), or making it dominant (creating a heuristic question). For CRT questions, the differences in response times are as predicted by dual-process theories, with alignment and heuristic variants leading to faster responses and neutral questions to slower responses than the original, conflict questions. For decision biases (where responses are slower), evidence is mixed. To explore the possible influence of personality factors on both choices and response times, we used standard personality scales including the Rational-Experiential Inventory and the Big Five, and used them as controls in regression analysis.
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