Starting from Scratch: Outcomes of Early Computer Science Learning Experiences and Implications for What Comes Next

Starting from Scratch: Outcomes of Early Computer Science Learning Experiences and Implications for What Comes Next
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从头开始:早期计算机科学学习经验的成果以及对下一步的启示

DOI:
10.1145/3230977.3230988
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
ICER '18 Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Franklin, Diana
Franklin, Diana
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Weintrop, David;Hansen, Alexandria K.;Harlow, Danielle B.;Franklin, Diana

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基于可视化块的编程环境(VBBPE),如Scratch和Alice,越来越多地用于小学各年级的计算机科学入门课程。这些环境,以及伴随它们的课程,被设计为适合发展和吸引年轻的学习者,但可能会为未来的计算机科学教育工作者带来挑战。使用最终项目的四,五,六年级的学生谁完成了介绍性课程使用VBBPE,本文侧重于模式,显示成功的VBBPE的背景下,但可能会对教师的后续计算机科学教学的潜在挑战。本文重点介绍了在学习者项目中观察到的三种具体策略:(1)用于管理程序执行的等待块,(2)使用基于事件的编程策略来产生并行结果,以及(3)将教学概念与课程演示相结合。对于每一个这些结果,我们提出的数据如何支持他们的课程材料,学习者取得了什么成就,同时制定他们,以及战略对未来的教育工作者的影响。然后,我们讨论可能的设计和教学的反应。这项工作的贡献是,它确定了早期的计算机科学学习策略,将它们置于适合发展的环境中,并讨论了它们对未来教学法的影响。本文提出了我们的理解VBBPEs的作用,在入门计算和他们的地方在更大的K-12计算机科学的轨迹。
Visual block-based programming environments (VBBPEs) such as Scratch and Alice are increasingly being used in introductory computer science lessons across elementary school grades. These environments, and the curricula that accompany them, are designed to be developmentally-appropriate and engaging for younger learners but may introduce challenges for future computer science educators. Using the final projects of 4th, 5th, and 6th grade students who completed an introductory curriculum using a VBBPE, this paper focuses on patterns that show success within the context of VBBPEs but could pose potential challenges for teachers of follow-up computer science instruction. This paper focuses on three specific strategies observed in learners' projects: (1) wait blocks being used to manage program execution, (2) the use of event-based programming strategies to produce parallel outcomes, and (3) the coupling of taught concepts to curricular presentation. For each of these outcomes, we present data on how the course materials supported them, what learners achieved while enacting them, and the implications the strategy poses for future educators. We then discuss possible design and pedagogical responses. The contribution of this work is that it identifies early computer science learning strategies, contextualizes them within developmentally-appropriate environments, and discusses their implications with respect to future pedagogy. This paper advances our understanding of the role of VBBPEs in introductory computing and their place within the larger K-12 computer science trajectory.
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