Annual Research Review: Youth firearm violence disparities in the United States and implications for prevention.
Annual Research Review: Youth firearm violence disparities in the United States and implications for prevention.
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DOI：
10.1111/jcpp.13392
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发表时间：
2021-05
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Bradshaw, Catherine P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bottiani, Jessika H.;Camacho, Daniel A.;Lindstrom Johnson, Sarah;Bradshaw, Catherine P.
关键词：
研究发现，美国（U.S.）作为枪支拥有率的全球异常值，与其他国家相比，青年枪支暴力的风险相应较高。美国青年枪支暴力的相对差异程度不太清楚。人们对社会生态中导致这些差异的因素知之甚少，也不知道目前的枪支暴力预防方法是否足以解决这些问题。方法：应用健康差距的框架，我们综合流行病学，社会学和预防科学文献，强调结构性不平等的青年社会文化定位在生命历程的发展背景。我们还强调了国家伤害数据和其他关于青年枪支暴力差异的程度和影响的研究结果。结果如下：枪支暴力的负担在性别、种族、地点、发展阶段和杀人或自杀意图的交叉点上有明显的差异。黑人男孩和年轻男子（15-24岁）中的枪支杀人率是任何其他人口群体，发展阶段或暴力意图，特别是在城市环境中的比率的异常值。最近的研究已经将结构性种族主义付诸实施，并暗示历史上种族化的空间是这种差异的根源。相比之下，在农村地区的土著和白色男孩和年轻男子中发现枪支自杀率升高;与枪支有关的文化态度和性别社会化是解释这些差异的考虑因素。我们强调了以研究为基础的青年枪支暴力预防干预措施，并强调了侧重于结构和社会文化因素的努力中的差距。结论：迫切需要更加明确地关注减少黑人男孩和年轻男子中的枪支杀人事件以及土著和农村白色男孩和年轻男子中的枪支自杀事件，并有可能大幅降低美国枪支暴力的总体发生率。
Research has identified the United States (U.S.) as a global outlier in its firearm ownership rates, with a correspondingly higher risk of youth firearm violence compared to other countries. The relative extent of disparities in youth firearm violence within the U.S. has been less clear. Little is known about factors in the social ecology driving these disparities and whether current firearm violence prevention approaches sufficiently address them. Method: Applying a health disparities framework, we synthesized epidemiological, sociological, and prevention science literatures, emphasizing structural inequalities in youth sociocultural positionality in life course developmental context. We also highlighted findings from national injury data and other studies regarding the magnitude and impacts of youth firearm violence disparities. Results: The burden of firearm violence varied markedly at intersections of gender, race, place, developmental stage, and homicidal or suicidal intent. Firearm homicide among Black boys and young men (ages 15–24) was an outlier levels many times greater than the rates of any other demographic group, developmental stage, or violence intent, particularly in urban settings. Recent research has operationalized structural racism and implicated historically racialized spaces as a root cause of this disparity. In contrast, elevated firearm suicide rates were found among Native and White boys and young men in rural settings; firearm-related cultural attitudes and gender socialization were points of consideration to explain these disparities. We highlighted research-based youth firearm violence preventive interventions, and emphasized gaps in efforts focused on structural and sociocultural factors. Conclusions: More explicit attention to reducing firearm homicide among Black boys and young men and firearm suicide among Native and rural White boys and young men is urgently needed and has potential to substantially lower overall rates of firearm violence in the U.S.
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影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Bottiani, Jessika H.;Bradshaw, Catherine P.;Mendelson, Tamar
通讯作者：
Mendelson, Tamar
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Alcorn, Ted
影响因子：
9.1
作者：
Abrutyn S;Mueller AS
通讯作者：
Mueller AS
影响因子：
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作者：
Acevedo-Garcia, Dcioves;Osypuk, Theyesa L.;Williams, David R.
通讯作者：
Williams, David R.
影响因子：
8
作者：
Borowsky, IW;Mozayeny, S;Ireland, M
通讯作者：
Ireland, M