Ethnic Inequality and the Strength of Ethnic Identities in Sub-Saharan Africa

Ethnic Inequality and the Strength of Ethnic Identities in Sub-Saharan Africa
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撒哈拉以南非洲的种族不平等和种族认同的强度

DOI:
10.1007/s11109-017-9430-8
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Christian Houle
Christian Houle
中科院分区:
法学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Masaaki Higashijima;Christian Houle

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种族不平等被认为有许多有害的影响。除此之外,学者们认为它滋生了政治暴力,破坏了民主,阻碍了经济发展。虽然这些文献提出的论点隐含地假设种族不平等会增加个人对其种族的认同程度,但这一假设尚未在个人层面上得到实证检验。本文论证并实证证明了族群间不平等确实强化了族群认同。然而,我们也发现它的影响程度随着族群内部不平等的增加而减弱。也就是说,当种族因经济不平等而得到强化时,个人对其种族身份的认同最为强烈。利用非洲晴雨表,我们首次在个人层面上对民族不平等对民族认同强度的影响进行了跨国实证检验。我们的数据集涵盖了21个撒哈拉以南非洲国家和85个种族群体。结果有力地支持了我们的假设。
Ethnic inequality has been argued to have numerous pernicious effects. Among other things, scholars have argued that it breeds political violence, destabilizes democracy, and impedes economic development. While the arguments developed by these literatures implicitly assume that ethnic inequality increases the degree to which individuals identify with their ethnicity, this assumption has yet to be tested empirically at the individual-level. This paper argues and empirically demonstrates that between-ethnic group inequality does strengthen ethnic identities. However, we also find that the magnitude of its effect weakens as inequality within ethnic groups increases. That is, individuals identify most strongly with their ethnic identity when ethnicity is reinforced by economic inequality. Using the Afrobarometer, we provide the first cross-national empirical test of the effect of ethnic inequality on the strength of ethnic identities at the individual-level. Our dataset covers 21 sub-Saharan African countries and 85 ethnic groups. Results strongly support our hypothesis.
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