Memory functioning in children and adolescents with autism.
Memory functioning in children and adolescents with autism.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0024935
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发表时间：
2011-11
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Lainhart JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Southwick JS;Bigler ED;Froehlich A;DuBray MB;Alexander AL;Lange N;Lainhart JE
使用临床评估组合记忆和学习测试（TOMAL）评估5-19岁自闭症儿童和青少年（n = 50）和典型发育对照组（n = 36）的记忆功能。参与者组在年龄、非语言智商、惯用手和头围方面具有统计学可比性，并接受TOMAL。TOMAL的测试表现表明，自闭症组的记忆功能在多种任务格式上存在广泛差异，包括语言和非语言，即时和延迟，注意力和集中，顺序回忆，自由回忆，联想回忆和多次试验学习记忆。即使在比较了自闭症组（n = 36）和语言智商匹配的对照组（p > 0.05）之后，所有指数和几乎所有分测验的差异仍然显著。然而，自闭症患者和对照组患者在延迟后对先前记忆信息的保留情况是相似的。这些研究结果表明，自闭症患者的情景记忆能力普遍降低，并支持以下结论：信息编码和组织，可能是由于低效的认知处理策略，而不是存储和检索，是限制自闭症患者记忆能力的主要因素。
Memory functioning in children and adolescents ages 5–19 with autism (n = 50) and typically developing controls (n = 36) was assessed using a clinical assessment battery, the Test of Memory and Learning (TOMAL). Participant groups were statistically comparable in age, nonverbal IQ, handedness, and head circumference, and were administered the TOMAL. Test performance on the TOMAL demonstrated broad differences in memory functioning in the autism group, across multiple task formats, including verbal and nonverbal, immediate and delayed, attention and concentration, sequential recall, free recall, associative recall, and multiple-trial learning memory. All index and nearly all subtest differences remained significant even after comparing a subset of the autism group (n = 36) and controls that were matched for verbal IQ ( p >.05). However, retention of previously remembered information after a delay was similar in autism and controls. These findings indicate that performance on measures of episodic memory is broadly reduced in autism, and support the conclusion that information encoding and organization, possibly due to inefficient cognitive processing strategies, rather than storage and retrieval, are the primary factors that limit memory performance in autism.
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影响因子：
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