Negative attitudes about facemasks during the COVID-19 pandemic: The dual importance of perceived ineffectiveness and psychological reactance.
Negative attitudes about facemasks during the COVID-19 pandemic: The dual importance of perceived ineffectiveness and psychological reactance.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0246317
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Asmundson GJG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Taylor S;Asmundson GJG
这项研究报告了一项全面的实证调查，调查了COVID-19大流行期间反口罩态度的性质和相关因素。越来越多的证据强调了公众戴口罩在限制感染传播方面的重要性。因此，在诸如商店和公共交通工具的公共场所，佩戴口罩已变得越来越强制性。尽管公众普遍坚持戴口罩，但仍有一小群人拒绝戴口罩。全球多地发生反口罩抗议集会，有时爆发暴力冲突。很少有实证研究探讨了反口罩态度和口罩不依从之间的关系，并且很少有人知道这种态度如何相互关联或与其他因素（例如，不遵守社交距离，反疫苗接种态度）。为了调查这些问题，本研究调查了来自美国和加拿大的2，078名成年人。与其他调查一致，我们发现大多数（84%）人因为COVID-19而戴口罩。不戴口罩的16%在大多数对口罩持负面态度的指标上得分更高。网络分析表明，对口罩的负面态度形成了一个相互关联的网络，网络中的中心节点是（a）口罩对预防COVID-19无效的信念，以及（B）心理反应（PR;即，（不喜欢被迫戴面具）。这些中心节点充当了纽带，将反口罩态度网络与对SARSCoV 2疫苗接种的负面态度、对COVID-19威胁被夸大的信念、对社交距离的忽视以及政治保守主义联系起来。关于公关的研究结果很重要，因为从理论上讲，公关可能会加强其他反面具的态度（例如，面具是无效的），因为当他们的信念受到挑战时，具有强PR的人会做出愤怒和反驳的反应，从而加强了他们的反面具信念。改善掩模粘附的影响进行了讨论。
This study reports a comprehensive empirical investigation of the nature and correlates of anti-mask attitudes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Accumulating evidence underscores the importance of facemasks, as worn by the general public, in limiting the spread of infection. Accordingly, mask wearing has become increasingly mandatory in public places such as stores and on public transit. Although the public has been generally adherent to mask wearing, a small but vocal group of individuals refuse to wear masks. Anti-mask protest rallies have occurred in many places throughout the world, sometimes erupting violently. Few empirical studies have examined the relationship between anti-mask attitudes and mask non-adherence and little is known about how such attitudes relate to one another or other factors (e.g., non-adherence to social distancing, anti-vaccination attitudes). To investigate these issues, the present study surveyed 2,078 adults from the US and Canada. Consistent with other surveys, we found that most (84%) people wore masks because of COVID-19. The 16% who did not wear masks scored higher on most measures of negative attitudes towards masks. Network analyses indicated that negative attitudes about masks formed an intercorrelated network, with the central nodes in the network being (a) beliefs that masks are ineffective in preventing COVID-19, and (b) psychological reactance (PR; i.e., an aversion to being forced to wear masks). These central nodes served as links, connecting the network of anti-masks attitudes to negative attitudes toward SARSCoV2 vaccination, beliefs that the threat of COVID-19 has been exaggerated, disregard for social distancing, and political conservatism. Findings regarding PR are important because, theoretically, PR is likely to strengthen other anti-masks attitudes (e.g., beliefs that masks are ineffective) because people with strong PR react with anger and counter-arguments when their beliefs are challenged, thereby leading to a strengthening of their anti-mask beliefs. Implications for improving mask adherence are discussed.
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