Native-state imaging of calcifying and noncalcifying microalgae reveals similarities in their calcium storage organelles.
Native-state imaging of calcifying and noncalcifying microalgae reveals similarities in their calcium storage organelles.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1804139115
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发表时间：
2018-10-23
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Scheffel A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gal A;Sorrentino A;Kahil K;Pereiro E;Faivre D;Scheffel A
颗石藻是一种丰富的单细胞海洋藻类，其通过受控的细胞内过程产生钙化鳞片。了解细胞对钙化过程的控制是预测不断变化的海洋条件对全球海洋钙化和碳通量的主要贡献者的影响的迫切需要。使用几种微藻，并结合国家的最先进的冷冻电子和低温软X射线显微镜，我们证明，最近发现的钙存储的颗石藻是相似的非钙化生物体的常见的钙存储细胞器。这些结果与环境和进化意义的问题，以更好地表征生物体的生理和分子遗传学研究结果的大机构，因此提供了新的切入点，了解钙化颗石藻。钙储存细胞器是所有真核生物所共有的，在钙信号转导和细胞内钙稳态中起着关键作用。在大多数细胞器中，细胞器内钙浓度很少超过微摩尔水平。被称为酸钙体的酸性细胞器是一个例外，它将钙与多磷酸盐一起浓缩成致密相。这些细胞器已经在不同的生物体中被鉴定，但迄今为止，仅在不形成钙生物矿物的细胞中被鉴定。最近，一个隔间存储摩尔水平的钙与磷一起被发现在细胞内钙化细胞，球石藻Emiliania huxleyi，提高钙存储细胞器和方解石生物矿化之间的可能联系。在这里，我们使用cryoimaging和cryospectroscopy技术，以调查的解剖和化学成分的钙储存细胞器在其自然状态和纳米级的分辨率。我们发现，钙存储隔间内的钙化球石藻Pleurochrysiscarterae和存储在酸钙体的noncalcifying莱茵衣藻的钙相的致密钙相具有共同的特点。我们的观察表明，这种浓缩钙的策略是一种普遍的性状，并已适应颗石形成。我们描述的酸钙体钙储存和钙储存在颗石藻之间的联系意味着，我们的生理和分子遗传学的酸钙体的理解可能有相关的钙途径的颗石藻钙化，提供了一个新的切入点，这一过程的适应性，不断变化的海洋条件的机制调查。
Coccolithophores are abundant unicellular marine algae that produce calcified scales via a controlled intracellular process. Understanding the cellular controls over the calcification process is a pressing need to predict the influence of changing oceanic conditions on these major contributors to global marine calcification and carbon fluxes. Using several microalgae, and a combination of state-of-the-art cryoelectron and cryo soft X-ray microscopy, we demonstrate that the recently discovered calcium stores of coccolithophores are similar to the common calcium storage organelles of noncalcifying organisms. These results relate questions of environmental and evolutionary significance to a large body of physiological and molecular genetic findings of better-characterized organisms, and therefore provide fresh entry points for understanding calcification in coccolithophores. Calcium storage organelles are common to all eukaryotic organisms and play a pivotal role in calcium signaling and cellular calcium homeostasis. In most organelles, the intraorganellar calcium concentrations rarely exceed micromolar levels. Acidic organelles called acidocalcisomes, which concentrate calcium into dense phases together with polyphosphates, are an exception. These organelles have been identified in diverse organisms, but, to date, only in cells that do not form calcium biominerals. Recently, a compartment storing molar levels of calcium together with phosphorous was discovered in an intracellularly calcifying alga, the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi, raising a possible connection between calcium storage organelles and calcite biomineralization. Here we used cryoimaging and cryospectroscopy techniques to investigate the anatomy and chemical composition of calcium storage organelles in their native state and at nanometer-scale resolution. We show that the dense calcium phase inside the calcium storage compartment of the calcifying coccolithophore Pleurochrysis carterae and the calcium phase stored in acidocalcisomes of the noncalcifying alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii have common features. Our observations suggest that this strategy for concentrating calcium is a widespread trait and has been adapted for coccolith formation. The link we describe between acidocalcisomal calcium storage and calcium storage in coccolithophores implies that our physiological and molecular genetic understanding of acidocalcisomes could have relevance to the calcium pathway underlying coccolithophore calcification, offering a fresh entry point for mechanistic investigations on the adaptability of this process to changing oceanic conditions.
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影响因子：
16.6
作者：
O'Dea, Sarah A.;Gibbs, Samantha J.;Bown, Paul R.;Young, Jeremy R.;Poulton, Alex J.;Newsam, Cherry;Wilson, Paul A.
通讯作者：
Wilson, Paul A.
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Ruiz, FA;Marchesini, N;Docampo, R
通讯作者：
Docampo, R
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0803354105
发表时间：
2008-09-02
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Mahamid, Julia;Sharir, Amnon;Weiner, Steve
通讯作者：
Weiner, Steve
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Hothorn, Michael;Neumann, Heinz;Mayer, Andreas
通讯作者：
Mayer, Andreas
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Bolton, Clara T.;Stoll, Heather M.
通讯作者：
Stoll, Heather M.