From sensorimotor inhibition to freudian repression: insights from psychosis applied to neurosis.
From sensorimotor inhibition to freudian repression: insights from psychosis applied to neurosis.
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从感觉运动抑制到弗洛伊德抑制：精神病的见解应用于神经症。
DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00452
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Bazan A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bazan A
首先，介绍了三个精神病患者的案例研究，这些患者都有无法抑制或抑制某些东西的共同点。与其他有关精神病的理论一致，我们提出关键的改变是在输出复制系统上。回到弗洛伊德的精神装置，我们提出，运动神经元放电的信息，被动员到直接感知，也称为“现实的指示”，相当于现代的输出副本。有了这个关键，对案例的解读就与精神病的心理动力学理解相一致，是对次要过程的淡化，从而使主要过程占主导地位。此外，将传出复制介导的抑制失败的感觉运动观念与精神病中压抑失败的精神分析观念结合起来，提出了这样的假设：在某些情况下，传出复制动态引起的衰减是压抑的生理实例。其次，我们将这个想法应用于神经症的心理组织。事实上，复制介导的传出衰减被认为是一种机制，通过这种机制，持续激活一个意图，但没有达到它——即抑制一个行动——产生心理意象。因此，由于任何有针对性的行动或正常的语言理解都需要抑制，因此在世界中行动或处理语言，会在结构上诱发心理意象，构成主观无意识的心理现实。压抑是抑制情绪威胁刺激的一种特殊情况。这些刺激需要更强的抑制，使运动意图（的减弱）完全得不到回应，以便从根本上防止执行，这会导致过度情感的发展。这种抑制会产生一种特定类型的运动意象，称为“幻影”，它会引起精神专注，以及症状，特别是通过其形式，指的是被压抑的运动碎片。
First, three case studies are presented of psychotic patients having in common an inability to hold something down or out. In line with other theories on psychosis, we propose that a key change is at the efference copy system. Going back to Freud’s mental apparatus, we propose that the messages of discharge of the motor neurons, mobilized to direct perception, also called “indications of reality,” are equivalent to the modern efference copies. With this key, the reading of the cases is coherent with the psychodynamic understanding of psychosis, being a downplay of secondary processes, and consequently, a dominance of primary processes. Moreover, putting together the sensorimotor idea of a failure of efference copy-mediated inhibition with the psychoanalytic idea of a failing repression in psychosis, the hypothesis emerges that the attenuation enabled by the efference copy dynamics is, in some instances, the physiological instantiation of repression. Second, we applied this idea to the mental organization in neurosis. Indeed, the efference copy-mediated attenuation is thought to be the mechanism through which sustained activation of an intention, without reaching it – i.e., inhibition of an action – gives rise to mental imagery. Therefore, as inhibition is needed for any targeted action or for normal language understanding, acting in the world, or processing language, structurally induces mental imagery, constituting a subjective unconscious mental reality. Repression is a special instance of inhibition for emotionally threatening stimuli. These stimuli require stronger inhibition, leaving (the attenuation of) the motor intentions totally unanswered, in order to radically prevent execution which would lead to development of excess affect. This inhibition, then, yields a specific type of motor imagery, called “phantoms,” which induce mental preoccupation, as well as symptoms which, especially through their form, refer to the repressed motor fragments.
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