Racism, ethnic density and psychological well-being through adolescence: evidence from the Determinants of Adolescent Social Well-Being and Health longitudinal study.
Racism, ethnic density and psychological well-being through adolescence: evidence from the Determinants of Adolescent Social Well-Being and Health longitudinal study.
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DOI：
10.1080/13557858.2011.645153
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Harding S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Astell-Burt T;Maynard MJ;Lenguerrand E;Harding S
目标。探讨种族主义、本民族密度、多样性和剥夺对青少年心理健康发展轨迹的影响。设计。本研究采用多水平模型对英国伦敦51所学校4782名11~16岁青少年的心理幸福感进行了纵向分析(Goodman长处与困难问卷中的总困难分(TDS)，得分越高，困难越大)。个人层面的变量包括种族、种族主义、性别、年龄、移民一代、社会经济环境、家庭类型和家庭互动指标(共同活动、感知到的育儿)。背景变量中，有%的人有资格享受免费学校餐、社区贫困、自己群体的族裔密度和族裔多样性。结果。少数族裔比白人更有可能报告种族主义。与白人同龄人相比，少数民族男孩(印度男孩除外)和印度女孩在整个青春期都报告了更好的心理健康状况。值得注意的是，尼日利亚/加纳男孩的TDS平均分最低，其中关于种族主义的报告随着年龄的增长而增加。根据个体特征进行调整，所有民族的心理幸福感都随着年龄的增长而改善。种族主义与所有种族群体较差的心理健康轨迹有关(p<；0.001)，随着年龄的增长而减少。例如，经历过种族主义的男孩和没有经历过种族主义的男孩在TDS上的平均差异(95%可信区间)在12岁时=1.88(+1.75至+2.01)；在16岁时=+1.19(+1.07至+1.31)。自有群体密度高的学校和社区通常报告的种族主义较少。在任何种族群体中，自己的种族密度和多样性并不总是与TDS相关。对于白人和加勒比黑人来说，生活在更贫困的社区与更差的心理健康有关(p<；0.05)。结论。对心理健康产生重要影响的是种族主义，而不是学校或社区中的种族密度和贫困。然而，暴露在种族主义中并不能解释少数族裔群体在心理健康方面比白人更有优势。
Objective. To investigate the effect of racism, own-group ethnic density, diversity and deprivation on adolescent trajectories in psychological well-being. Design. Multilevel models were used in longitudinal analysis of psychological well-being (total difficulties score (TDS) from Goodman's Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, higher scores correspond to greater difficulties) for 4782 adolescents aged 11–16 years in 51 London (UK) schools. Individual level variables included ethnicity, racism, gender, age, migrant generation, socioeconomic circumstances, family type and indicators of family interactions (shared activities, perceived parenting). Contextual variables were per cent eligible for free school-meals, neighbourhood deprivation, per cent own-group ethnic density, and ethnic diversity. Results. Ethnic minorities were more likely to report racism than Whites. Ethnic minority boys (except Indian boys) and Indian girls reported better psychological well-being throughout adolescence compared to their White peers. Notably, lowest mean TDS scores were observed for Nigerian/Ghanaian boys, among whom the reporting of racism increased with age. Adjusted for individual characteristics, psychological well-being improved with age across all ethnic groups. Racism was associated with poorer psychological well-being trajectories for all ethnic groups (p <0.001), reducing with age. For example, mean difference in TDS (95% confidence interval) between boys who experienced racism and those who did not at age 12 years = 1.88 (+1.75 to + 2.01); at 16 years = +1.19 (+1.07 to +1.31). Less racism was generally reported in schools and neighbourhoods with high than low own-group density. Own ethnic density and diversity were not consistently associated with TDS for any ethnic group. Living in more deprived neighbourhoods was associated with poorer psychological well-being for Whites and Black Caribbeans (p <0.05). Conclusion. Racism, but not ethnic density and deprivation in schools or neighbourhoods, was an important influence on psychological well-being. However, exposure to racism did not explain the advantage in psychological well-being of ethnic minority groups over Whites.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02260.x
发表时间：
2010-10
期刊：
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines
影响因子：
--
作者：
Goodman A;Patel V;Leon DA
通讯作者：
Leon DA
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01115.x
发表时间：
2010-09
期刊：
Child: care, health and development
影响因子：
--
作者：
Maynard MJ;Harding S
通讯作者：
Harding S
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Flowerdew, Robin;Manley, David J.;Sabel, Clive E.
通讯作者：
Sabel, Clive E.
影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Krieger, N;Sidney, S
通讯作者：
Sidney, S
影响因子：
7.5
作者：
Halpern, D;Nazroo, J
通讯作者：
Nazroo, J