Cadmium levels in urine and mortality among U.S. adults.
Cadmium levels in urine and mortality among U.S. adults.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.11236
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发表时间：
2009-02
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Guallar E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Menke A;Muntner P;Silbergeld EK;Platz EA;Guallar E
镉暴露与全因死亡率、癌症死亡率和心血管疾病死亡率增加有关。然而，调查这种关联的研究发现，参与者的镉含量明显高于一般人群。我们的目的是评估肌酐校正的尿镉水平与美国普通人群的全因和特定原因死亡率之间的关系。我们分析了 1988 年至 1994 年参加第三次全国健康和营养检查并随访至 2000 年 12 月 31 日的 13,958 名成年人的镉含量与全因死亡率、癌症死亡率、心血管疾病死亡率和冠心病死亡率之间的关系。研究参与者中男性和女性每克尿肌酐的尿镉几何平均水平分别为 0.28 和 0.40 μg/g（p < 0.001）。经过多变量调整（包括吸烟（非职业暴露人群中镉暴露的主要来源））后，与肌酐校正尿镉含量升高 2 倍相关的全因死亡率、癌症死亡率、心血管疾病死亡率和冠心病死亡率的风险比 [95% 置信区间 (CI)] 分别为 1.28（95% CI，1.15-1.43）、1.55（95% CI，男性为 1.21–1.98)、1.21 (95% CI, 1.07–1.36) 和 1.36 (95% CI, 1.11–1.66)，男性为 1.06 (95% CI, 0.96–1.16)、1.07 (95% CI, 0.85–1.35)、0.93 (95% CI,女性为 0.84–1.04），女性为 0.82（95% CI，0.76–0.89）。环境镉暴露与男性全因死亡率、癌症和心血管疾病死亡率增加相关，但与女性无关。需要做出更多努力来充分解释性别差异对环境镉暴露影响的影响。
Cadmium exposure has been associated with increased all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality. However, studies investigating this association have included participants with considerably higher levels of cadmium than those found in the general population. We aimed to evaluate the association of creatinine-corrected urinary cadmium levels with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the U.S. general population. We analyzed the relationship between cadmium measured in 13,958 adults who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 1988–1994 and were followed through 31 December 2000, and all-cause, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and coronary heart disease mortality. The geometric mean levels of urinary cadmium per gram of urinary creatinine in study participants were 0.28 and 0.40 μg/g for men and women, respectively (p < 0.001). After multivariable adjustment, including smoking, a major source of cadmium exposure in nonoccupationally exposed populations, the hazard ratios [95% confidence interval (CI)] for all-cause, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and coronary heart disease mortality associated with a 2-fold higher creatinine-corrected urinary cadmium were, respectively, 1.28 (95% CI, 1.15–1.43), 1.55 (95% CI, 1.21–1.98), 1.21 (95% CI, 1.07–1.36), and 1.36 (95% CI, 1.11–1.66) for men and 1.06 (95% CI, 0.96–1.16), 1.07 (95% CI, 0.85–1.35), 0.93 (95% CI, 0.84–1.04), and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.76–0.89) for women. Environmental cadmium exposure was associated with an increased risk of all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality among men, but not among women. Additional efforts are warranted to fully explain gender differences on the impact of environmental cadmium exposure.
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DOI：
10.1080/009841099158123
发表时间：
1999-02-12
期刊：
JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A
影响因子：
--
作者：
Benedetti, JL;Samuel, O;Gingras, S
通讯作者：
Gingras, S
影响因子：
51.1
作者：
Nawrot, T;Plusquin, M;Staessen, JA
通讯作者：
Staessen, JA
影响因子：
3
作者：
MARCOVECCHIO, JE;MORENO, VJ
通讯作者：
MORENO, VJ
影响因子：
13.2
作者：
Coresh, J;Astor, BC;Levey, AS
通讯作者：
Levey, AS
DOI：
10.1080/15287390152103643
发表时间：
2001-07-06
期刊：
JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A
影响因子：
--
作者：
Choudhury, H;Harvey, T;Diamond, GL
通讯作者：
Diamond, GL