SARS-CoV ORF1b-encoded nonstructural proteins 12-16: replicative enzymes as antiviral targets.
SARS-CoV ORF1b-encoded nonstructural proteins 12-16: replicative enzymes as antiviral targets.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.11.006
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发表时间:
2014-01
影响因子:
7.6
通讯作者:
Canard B
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Subissi L;Imbert I;Ferron F;Collet A;Coutard B;Decroly E;Canard B
This paper presents an in-depth review of coronavirus Orf1b enzymes. It is organized in sections on RNA synthesis, RNA degradation, and RNA capping. It discusses integration of these functions into the coronavirus replication/transcription complex. It reviews published inhibitors of any of these functions. The SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) pandemic caused ten years ago by the SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) has stimulated a number of studies on the molecular biology of coronaviruses. This research has provided significant new insight into many mechanisms used by the coronavirus replication-transcription complex (RTC). The RTC directs and coordinates processes in order to replicate and transcribe the coronavirus genome, a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA of outstanding length (∼27–32 kilobases). Here, we review the up-to-date knowledge on SARS-CoV replicative enzymes encoded in the ORF1b, i.e., the main RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (nsp12), the helicase/triphosphatase (nsp13), two unusual ribonucleases (nsp14, nsp15) and RNA-cap methyltransferases (nsp14, nsp16). We also review how these enzymes co-operate with other viral co-factors (nsp7, nsp8, and nsp10) to regulate their activity. These last ten years of research on SARS-CoV have considerably contributed to unravel structural and functional details of one of the most fascinating replication/transcription machineries of the RNA virus world. This paper forms part of a series of invited articles in Antiviral Research on “From SARS to MERS: 10 years of research on highly pathogenic human coronaviruses”.
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