Advancing human health risk assessment: integrating recent advisory committee recommendations.
Advancing human health risk assessment: integrating recent advisory committee recommendations.
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DOI：
10.3109/10408444.2013.807223
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发表时间：
2013-07
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Fenner-Crisp PA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dourson M;Becker RA;Haber LT;Pottenger LH;Bredfeldt T;Fenner-Crisp PA
在过去的十几年中，许多国家和国际专家团体都考虑了他们的许多既定建议。适用于（2）使用毒理学和毒理动力学信息来开发特定于化学的调整因素（CSAF）（3）；方法由世界卫生组织/国际化学安全计划（WHO/IPC）作为一种科学强大的，适合的方法，用于评估合并的暴露量（化学混合物），（6）应用所有这些知识以启用对人类生物监测的解释，而在科学上的默认环境中，则可以使用MOA的情况。评估应始终努力使用这些数据。在分子，细胞，器官和生物体水平上，可用的21世纪生物学过程，临床发现，化学相互作用和剂量反应的使用将最小化对外推和救济方法的需求。
Over the last dozen years, many national and international expert groups have considered specific improvements to risk assessment. Many of their stated recommendations are mutually supportive, but others appear conflicting, at least in an initial assessment. This review identifies areas of consensus and difference and recommends a practical, biology-centric course forward, which includes: (1) incorporating a clear problem formulation at the outset of the assessment with a level of complexity that is appropriate for informing the relevant risk management decision; (2) using toxicokinetics and toxicodynamic information to develop Chemical Specific Adjustment Factors (CSAF); (3) using mode of action (MOA) information and an understanding of the relevant biology as the key, central organizing principle for the risk assessment; (4) integrating MOA information into dose–response assessments using existing guidelines for non-cancer and cancer assessments; (5) using a tiered, iterative approach developed by the World Health Organization/International Programme on Chemical Safety (WHO/IPCS) as a scientifically robust, fit-for-purpose approach for risk assessment of combined exposures (chemical mixtures); and (6) applying all of this knowledge to enable interpretation of human biomonitoring data in a risk context. While scientifically based defaults will remain important and useful when data on CSAF or MOA to refine an assessment are absent or insufficient, assessments should always strive to use these data. The use of available 21st century knowledge of biological processes, clinical findings, chemical interactions, and dose–response at the molecular, cellular, organ and organism levels will minimize the need for extrapolation and reliance on default approaches.
DOI：
10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.06.002
发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
6
作者：
Angerer, Juergen;Aylward, Lesa L.;Wilhelm, Michael
通讯作者：
Wilhelm, Michael