Eye-head coordination in the guinea pig II. Responses to self-generated (voluntary) head movements.
Eye-head coordination in the guinea pig II. Responses to self-generated (voluntary) head movements.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00221-010-2375-3
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发表时间：
2010-09
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
King, W. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shanidze, N.;Kim, A. H.;Loewenstein, S.;Raphael, Y.;King, W. M.
视网膜图像的稳定性对视力至关重要，但可能会因头部运动而降低。前庭眼反射（VOR）补偿头部位置的被动扰动，通常被认为是眼睛稳定的主要神经机制。在我们最近对豚鼠自由移动头部的前庭反射的研究中，我们观察到了前庭或颈部本体感受反射不能引起的代偿性眼球运动，因为它们发生在相对于头部运动的零或负潜伏期。这些运动总是与自发的（主动的）头部或身体运动相关联，因此预期是自愿运动。我们发现，预期的反应，从VOR产生的不同，在两个显着的方式。首先，预期反应的特征在于与自主头部运动的时间同步（对于VOR，潜伏期约为1毫秒，而对于VOR，潜伏期约为7毫秒）。第二，预期反应具有更高的增益（0.80对VOR的0.46），从而更有效地稳定在自愿头部运动期间的视网膜图像。我们认为，预期的反应协同作用与VOR稳定视网膜图像。此外，它们与实际前庭感觉无关，因为它们发生在具有完全外周前庭损伤的豚鼠中。从概念上讲，预期反应可以由前馈神经控制器产生，该控制器将头部运动的传出运动命令转换为对这些运动的感官后果的估计。
Retinal image stability is essential for vision but may be degraded by head movements. The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) compensates for passive perturbations of head position and is usually assumed to be the major neural mechanism for ocular stability. During our recent investigation of vestibular reflexes in guinea pigs free to move their heads, we observed compensatory eye movements that could not have been initiated either by vestibular or neck proprioceptive reflexes because they occurred with zero or negative latency with respect to head movement. These movements always occurred in association with self-generated (active) head or body movements and thus anticipated a voluntary movement. We found the anticipatory responses to differ from those produced by the VOR in two significant ways. First, anticipatory responses are characterized by temporal synchrony with voluntary head movements (latency ~1 msec versus ~7 msec for the VOR). Second, the anticipatory responses have higher gains (0.80 versus 0.46 for the VOR) and thus more effectively stabilize the retinal image during voluntary head movements. We suggest that anticipatory responses act synergistically with the VOR to stabilize retinal images. Furthermore, they are independent of actual vestibular sensation since they occur in guinea pigs with complete peripheral vestibular lesions. Conceptually, anticipatory responses could be produced by a feed-forward neural controller that transforms efferent motor commands for head movement into estimates of the sensory consequences of those movements.
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