To gibberellins and beyond! Surveying the evolution of (di)terpenoid metabolism.

To gibberellins and beyond! Surveying the evolution of (di)terpenoid metabolism.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-arplant-050213-035705
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
23.9
通讯作者:
Peters RJ
Peters RJ
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zi J;Mafu S;Peters RJ

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二萜类化合物通常由它们的组成来定义,四个异戊二烯基单位(20个碳),通常由[E,E,E]-香叶基二磷酸(GGPP)衍生而来。这种代谢似乎很古老,并且已经广泛多样化,已知的二萜天然产物约有12,000种。特别值得注意的是赤霉素植物激素,其必要的生物合成提供了一个遗传库,不仅产生了一个约7000个二萜的大家族,而且在某种程度上产生了所有植物萜类天然产物。本文主要综述了二萜类化合物,特别是由二萜合成酶/环化酶催化的GGPP环化和/或重排所定义的主要超家族的生物合成特征,尽管在少数情况下也提供了一些重要的后续阐述,其中分子遗传信息是可用的。此外,一系列生物活性提供了选择压力,驱动观察到的基因家族扩展和多样化,以及生物合成基因聚类,也将被讨论。
The diterpenoids are classically defined by their composition, four isoprenyl units (20 carbons), and are generally derived from [E,E,E]-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP). Such metabolism seems to be ancient and has been extensively diversified, with ~12,000 diterpenoid natural products known. Particularly notable are the gibberellin phytohormones, whose requisite biosynthesis has provided a genetic reservoir giving rise to not only a large super-family of ~7,000 diterpenoids, but to some degree all plant terpenoid natural products. This review focuses on the diterpenoids, particularly the defining biosynthetic characteristics of the major superfamilies defined by the cyclization and/or rearrangement of GGPP catalyzed by diterpene synthases/cyclases, although some discussion also is provided of the important subsequent elaboration in those few cases where molecular genetic information is available. In addition, the array of biological activity providing the selective pressure driving the observed gene family expansion and diversification, along with biosynthetic gene clustering, will be discussed as well.
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