Man and the last great wilderness: human impact on the deep sea.
Man and the last great wilderness: human impact on the deep sea.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0022588
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Van Dover CL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ramirez-Llodra E;Tyler PA;Baker MC;Bergstad OA;Clark MR;Escobar E;Levin LA;Menot L;Rowden AA;Smith CR;Van Dover CL
深海是地球上最大的生态系统，也是研究最少的生态系统之一，拥有高度的生物多样性，并提供了丰富的资源。虽然人类利用海洋已有上千年的历史，但技术的发展现在允许开发2000米以下的渔业资源、碳氢化合物和矿物。深海海底的偏远促进了对残留物和垃圾的处理。海洋酸化和气候变化现在带来了新的全球影响。因此，深海面临的挑战是巨大的，而且正在加速，这为科学界、工业界、国家和国际组织共同努力开发成功的开发、管理和保护深海生态系统提供了新的迫切需要。本文从处置、开发和气候变化三个方面对人类活动对全球深海生境的过去、现在和未来影响进行了科学的专家判断和半定量分析。该分析是海洋生物普查- SYNDEEP研讨会（2008年9月）的结果。本文提供了对已知影响及其影响的详细审查。分析表明，近几十年来，影响深海的最重要的人为活动是如何从过去的主要处置演变为现在的主要开采。我们预测，从现在到未来，大气中二氧化碳的增加以及气候变化的各个方面和后果将对深海栖息地及其动物群产生最大影响。讨论了不同人为压力和相关效应之间的协同效应，表明大多数协同效应与大气CO2增加和气候变化效应有关。我们确定了我们认为在不久的将来受到人类影响风险更高的深海生态系统：沉积上层斜坡上的底栖生物群落、冷水珊瑚、峡谷底栖生物群落以及海底山的上层和底栖生物群落。最后，我们将简要讨论保护和管理方法。
The deep sea, the largest ecosystem on Earth and one of the least studied, harbours high biodiversity and provides a wealth of resources. Although humans have used the oceans for millennia, technological developments now allow exploitation of fisheries resources, hydrocarbons and minerals below 2000 m depth. The remoteness of the deep seafloor has promoted the disposal of residues and litter. Ocean acidification and climate change now bring a new dimension of global effects. Thus the challenges facing the deep sea are large and accelerating, providing a new imperative for the science community, industry and national and international organizations to work together to develop successful exploitation management and conservation of the deep-sea ecosystem. This paper provides scientific expert judgement and a semi-quantitative analysis of past, present and future impacts of human-related activities on global deep-sea habitats within three categories: disposal, exploitation and climate change. The analysis is the result of a Census of Marine Life – SYNDEEP workshop (September 2008). A detailed review of known impacts and their effects is provided. The analysis shows how, in recent decades, the most significant anthropogenic activities that affect the deep sea have evolved from mainly disposal (past) to exploitation (present). We predict that from now and into the future, increases in atmospheric CO2 and facets and consequences of climate change will have the most impact on deep-sea habitats and their fauna. Synergies between different anthropogenic pressures and associated effects are discussed, indicating that most synergies are related to increased atmospheric CO2 and climate change effects. We identify deep-sea ecosystems we believe are at higher risk from human impacts in the near future: benthic communities on sedimentary upper slopes, cold-water corals, canyon benthic communities and seamount pelagic and benthic communities. We finalise this review with a short discussion on protection and management methods.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2009.0098
发表时间：
2009-06-07
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Bailey, D. M.;Collins, M. A.;Priede, I. G.
通讯作者：
Priede, I. G.
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2008.0205
发表时间：
2009-07-27
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Barnes, David K. A.;Galgani, Francois;Barlaz, Morton
通讯作者：
Barlaz, Morton
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
BILLETT, DSM;LAMPITT, RS;MANTOURA, RFC
通讯作者：
MANTOURA, RFC
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Amato, E;Alcaro, L;Tursi, A
通讯作者：
Tursi, A
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Blain, Stephane;Queguiner, Bernard;Wagener, Thibaut
通讯作者：
Wagener, Thibaut