Genomic instability and DNA damage responses in progeria arising from defective maturation of prelamin A.

Genomic instability and DNA damage responses in progeria arising from defective maturation of prelamin A.
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基因组不稳定性和前后A中的DNA损伤反应。

DOI:
10.18632/aging.100012
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发表时间:
2009-01
期刊:
Aging
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Zou Y
Zou Y
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Musich PR;Zou Y

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早老综合征在 常见的是过早衰老表型和基因组不稳定性增加。 的 对DNA损伤的易感性来自受损的修复系统, 无论是修复蛋白本身还是DNA损伤反应 途径。 最严重的早老症源于影响核纤层蛋白A的突变 核纤层的丝状蛋白质。 Hutchinson-Gilford早老综合征(HGPS)患者是杂合子, 限制性皮肤病(RD)个体LMNA基因突变 在加工蛋白酶Zmpste 24中具有纯合缺陷。 这些 突变产生突变核纤层蛋白A蛋白早老蛋白和FC-核纤层蛋白A, 分别引起核变形和染色质扰动。 即使基因组维持和修复, 基因表现正常。 尚未解决的问题是, 损伤反应途径在HGPS和RD细胞中缺乏。 这里我们 回顾和讨论最近的发现,解决一些机制的细节 早老蛋白/FC-核纤层蛋白A蛋白的积累如何破坏DNA HGPS和RD细胞中的损伤反应途径。 作为突变核纤层蛋白 蛋白质积累,它们隔离复制和修复因子,导致 停滞的复制叉,折叠成DNA双链喙 (争端解决机构)。 在HGPS和RD细胞特有的反应中,这些可接近的DSB 末端结合着色性干皮病A组(XPA)蛋白, 排除了DNA DSB修复蛋白的正常结合。 绑定的XPA还 信号激活ATM和ATR,阻止细胞周期进程, 导致生长停滞。 此外,有效隔离 在这些DSB损伤位点的XPA使HGPS和RD细胞对 紫外线和其他诱变剂通常由核苷酸修复 切除修复途径,其中XPA是必需的和特异性的 成分
Progeria syndromes have in common a premature aging phenotype and increased genome instability. The susceptibility to DNA damage arises from a compromised repair system, either in the repair proteins themselves or in the DNA damage response pathways. The most severe progerias stem from mutations affecting lamin A production, a filamentous protein of the nuclear lamina. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) patients are heterozygous for a LMNA gene mutation while Restrictive Dermopathy (RD) individuals have a homozygous deficiency in the processing protease Zmpste24. These mutations generate the mutant lamin A proteins progerin and FC-lamina A, respectively, which cause nuclear deformations and chromatin perturbations. Genome instability is observed even though genome maintenance and repair genes appear normal. The unresolved question is what features of the DNA damage response pathways are deficient in HGPS and RD cells. Here we review and discuss recent findings which resolve some mechanistic details of how the accumulation of progerin/FC-lamin A proteins may disrupt DNA damage response pathways in HGPS and RD cells. As the mutant lamin proteins accumulate they sequester replication and repair factors, leading to stalled replication forks which collapse into DNA double-strand beaks (DSBs). In a reaction unique to HGPS and RD cells these accessible DSB termini bind Xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA) protein which excludes normal binding by DNA DSB repair proteins. The bound XPA also signals activation of ATM and ATR, arresting cell cycle progression, leading to arrested growth. In addition, the effective sequestration of XPA at these DSB damage sites makes HGPS and RD cells more sensitive to ultraviolet light and other mutagens normally repaired by the nucleotide excision repair pathway of which XPA is a necessary and specific component.
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