Global rates and patterns of channel migration in river deltas

Global rates and patterns of channel migration in river deltas
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河流三角洲河道迁移的全球速率和模式

DOI:
10.1073/pnas.2103178118
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Passalacqua, Paola
Passalacqua, Paola
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jarriel, Teresa;Swartz, John;Passalacqua, Paola

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河流三角洲是一个动态系统,其河道可以随时间推移而加宽、变窄、迁移、断裂和分叉,从而形成新的河道网络。随着数亿人生活在这些全球无处不在的系统中,了解和预测三角洲通道网络将如何随着时间的推移而演变至关重要。虽然已经做了大量的工作,以了解驱动程序的通道迁移的个人通道规模,一个全球范围内的三角洲形态变化的现状分析还没有尝试。在这项研究中,我们提出了一种方法,通过结合深度学习和粒子图像测速(PIV)的原理,从遥感图像中自动提取通道迁移矢量。该方法在48个河流三角洲系统上实施,以创建十年尺度三角洲通道迁移的全球数据集。通过比较三角洲通道迁移分布与各种已知的外部强迫,我们发现,全球模式的通道迁移,可以在很大程度上调和与河流强迫作用于三角洲,沉积物通量大小,洪水事件的频率的水平。了解河流三角洲中河道迁移的现代速率和模式,对于成功预测三角洲系统未来的变化和为努力实现三角洲恢复力的决策者提供信息至关重要。
River deltas are dynamic systems whose channels can widen, narrow, migrate, avulse, and bifurcate to form new channel networks through time. With hundreds of millions of people living on these globally ubiquitous systems, it is critically important to understand and predict how delta channel networks will evolve over time. Although much work has been done to understand drivers of channel migration on the individual channel scale, a global-scale analysis of the current state of delta morphological change has not been attempted. In this study, we present a methodology for the automatic extraction of channel migration vectors from remotely sensed imagery by combining deep learning and principles from particle image velocimetry (PIV). This methodology is implemented on 48 river delta systems to create a global dataset of decadal-scale delta channel migration. By comparing delta channel migration distributions with a variety of known external forcings, we find that global patterns of channel migration can largely be reconciled with the level of fluvial forcing acting on the delta, sediment flux magnitude, and frequency of flood events. An understanding of modern rates and patterns of channel migration in river deltas is critical for successfully predicting future changes to delta systems and for informing decision makers striving for deltaic resilience.
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