Diversification improves the performance of cereals in European cropping systems
Diversification improves the performance of cereals in European cropping systems
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多样化提高了欧洲种植系统中谷物的表现
DOI：
10.1007/s13593-022-00850-z
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Reckling M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reckling M
面对气候变化，种植系统需要实现高绩效，提供粮食和饲料，并适应多变的环境条件。种植制度的多样化可以支持生态系统服务和相关的生物多样性，但没有证据表明，时间田间安排影响作物产量的表现（生产力和稳定性），部分原因是缺乏长期数据和适当的指标。本研究的目的是量化种植系统多样化对产量稳定性，环境适应性和多样化系统的可能性的影响，以优于欧洲较少的多样化谷物为基础的系统。春季和冬季谷物产量分析来自瑞典，苏格兰和法国的长期田间试验。我们调查了多样化，通过（一）引进多年生莱，（二）增加莱的比例在旋转，（三）不同的顺序，作物定位在旋转，（四）引进豆类谷物，（五）引进覆盖作物。结果表明，在60-94%的比较中，在低施肥强度下，采用多年生leys的种植系统中的谷类作物表现优于没有leys的系统。燕麦的产量稳定性没有差异，但平均产量高出33%，当直接种植后的ley相比，燕麦种植两年后在作物序列在类似的管理。硬粒小麦种植系统与粮食豆类有较高的产量在较低的产量环境条件相比，没有豆类轮作。覆盖作物的多样化并没有显着影响产量的稳定性。我们的结论是，不同的种植系统可以提高谷物生产力和环境适应性，更有可能胜过不太多样化的系统，特别是在引入多年生牧草豆类到耕地系统。多样化对谷物产量稳定性的影响是不一致的，这表明在不减少产量变异的情况下可以实现更高的生产力。这些新的发现可以支持更多样化和高性能的种植系统的设计。
In the face of climate change, cropping systems need to achieve a high performance, providing food and feed and adapting to variable environmental conditions. Diversification of cropping systems can support ecosystem services and associated biodiversity, but there is little evidence on which temporal field arrangement affects the performance of crop yields (productivity and stability), partly due to a lack of long-term data and appropriate indicators. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effect of cropping system diversification on yield stability, environmental adaptability, and the probability of diversified systems to outperform less diverse cereal-based systems in Europe. Spring and winter cereal yields were analyzed from long-term field experiments from Sweden, Scotland, and France. We investigated diversification through (i) introduction of perennial leys, (ii) increasing the proportion of ley in the rotation, (iii) varying the order in which crops are positioned in the rotation, (iv) introduction of grain legumes, and (v) introduction of cover crops. The results showed that cereal crops within cropping systems incorporating perennial leys outperformed systems without leys in 60–94% of the comparisons with higher probabilities at low fertilizer intensities. The yield stability of oat did not differ, but mean yields were 33% higher, when grown directly after the ley compared to oat grown two years later in the crop sequence under similar management. Durum wheat grown in a cropping system with grain legumes had higher yields in lower-yielding environmental conditions compared to rotations without legumes. Diversification with cover crops did not significantly affect yield stability. We conclude that diverse cropping systems can increase cereal productivity and environmental adaptability and are more likely to outperform less diverse systems especially when introducing perennial forage legumes into arable systems. Effects of diversification on cereal yield stability were inconsistent indicating that higher productivity is achievable without reducing yield variability. These novel findings can support the design of more diverse and high-performing cropping systems.
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在 26 年的种植系统实验中，多年生性和多样性推动了产量的稳定性和弹性
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
G. Sanford;R. Jackson;E. Booth;J. L. Hedtcke;V. Picasso
通讯作者：
V. Picasso
影响因子：
7.3
作者：
Moritz Reckling;H. Ahrends;Tsu;W. Eugster;S. Hadasch;S. Knapp;F. Laidig;A. Linstädter;J. Macholdt;H. Piepho;K. Schiffers;T. Döring
通讯作者：
T. Döring
在有机管理的长期轮作试验中，麦粒持续时间对后续谷类作物（春燕麦）产量和质量的影响
影响因子：
--
作者：
C. Watson;J. Baddeley;A. Edwards;R. Rees;R. Walker;C. Topp
通讯作者：
C. Topp
在长达 52 年的实验中，多样化的种植制度提高了产量，但并未提高产量稳定性
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Audrey St;G. Vico;G. Bergkvist;R. Bommarco
通讯作者：
R. Bommarco
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Doering, Thomas F.;Knapp, Samuel;Cohen, Joel E.
通讯作者：
Cohen, Joel E.