The rise of mitochondria in medicine.

The rise of mitochondria in medicine.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.mito.2016.07.003
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发表时间:
2016-09
期刊:
影响因子:
4.4
通讯作者:
Burelle, Yan
Burelle, Yan
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Picard, Martin;Wallace, Douglas C.;Burelle, Yan

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线粒体曾经被认为是细胞的唯一动力来源,现在被认为除了能量生产之外还具有多种基本的细胞功能,影响了细胞生物学和医学的大部分领域。自20世纪80年代分子生物学的出现和致病性线粒体DNA缺陷的发现以来,研究进展已经揭示了许多共同的人类疾病,其共有涉及线粒体功能障碍的潜在发病机制。线粒体经历功能定义的动态形状变化,相互通信,调节核内的基因表达,调节脑内的突触传递,释放有助于致癌转化和全身性触发炎症反应的分子,并影响复杂生理系统的调节。因此,在许多医学学科,包括遗传学、肿瘤学、神经学、免疫学和重症监护医学中发现了新的“有丝分裂致病”机制。人类疾病的生物能量方面的知识不断增加,为诊断,治疗,预防和连接医学的各个领域提供了新的机会。在这篇文章中,我们概述了线粒体生物学的具体方面,这些方面已经对现代医学的进步做出了贡献,并可能继续促进现代医学的进步。
Once considered exclusively the cell's powerhouse, mitochondria are now recognized to perform multiple essential cellular functions beyond energy production, impacting most areas of cell biology and medicine. Since the emergence of molecular biology and the discovery of pathogenic mitochondrial DNA defects in the 1980's, research advances have revealed a number of common human diseases which share an underlying pathogenesis involving mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria undergo function-defining dynamic shape changes, communicate with each other, regulate gene expression within the nucleus, modulate synaptic transmission within the brain, release molecules that contribute to oncogenic transformation and trigger inflammatory responses systemically, and influence the regulation of complex physiological systems. Novel “mitopathogenic” mechanisms are thus being uncovered across a number of medical disciplines including genetics, oncology, neurology, immunology, and critical care medicine. Increasing knowledge of the bioenergetic aspects of human disease has provided new opportunities for diagnosis, therapy, prevention, and in connecting various domains of medicine. In this article, we overview specific aspects of mitochondrial biology that have contributed to – and likely will continue to enhance the progress of modern medicine.
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