Intensified summer monsoon and the urbanization of Indus Civilization in northwest India.
Intensified summer monsoon and the urbanization of Indus Civilization in northwest India.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-018-22504-5
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发表时间：
2018-03-09
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Petrie CA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dixit Y;Hodell DA;Giesche A;Tandon SK;Gázquez F;Saini HS;Skinner LC;Mujtaba SAI;Pawar V;Singh RN;Petrie CA
今天，印度西北部的沙漠边缘是干燥的，无法支持大量的人口，但在全新世中期到晚期，印度河文明的人口密集地居住着。印度河城市化发生的水文气候条件，其特点是一个时期的扩大定居到塔尔沙漠边缘，仍然知之甚少。我们测量了北方拉贾斯坦邦Karsandi古湖沉积物中石膏水化水的同位素值（δ 18 O和δD），以推断湖泊水文的过去变化，这对降水量和蒸发量的变化很敏感。我们的记录显示，相对潮湿的条件盛行于北方边缘的拉贾斯坦邦从~5.1 ± 0.2 ka BP，在农业为基础的印度河文明早期哈拉帕阶段的开始。季风降雨进一步加强之间的5.0和4.4万年BP，在此期间，印度河城市中心发展在西部塔尔沙漠边缘和哈里亚纳邦的平原，其北部。在4.4 ka BP后的某个时候，出现了更干燥的条件，到3.9 ka BP时，发生了种群的东移。我们的研究结果提供的证据表明，气候变化与印度西北部沙漠边缘的印度河城市化沿着的扩张和收缩有关。
Today the desert margins of northwest India are dry and unable to support large populations, but were densely occupied by the populations of the Indus Civilization during the middle to late Holocene. The hydroclimatic conditions under which Indus urbanization took place, which was marked by a period of expanded settlement into the Thar Desert margins, remains poorly understood. We measured the isotopic values (δ18O and δD) of gypsum hydration water in paleolake Karsandi sediments in northern Rajasthan to infer past changes in lake hydrology, which is sensitive to changing amounts of precipitation and evaporation. Our record reveals that relatively wet conditions prevailed at the northern edge of Rajasthan from ~5.1 ± 0.2 ka BP, during the beginning of the agricultural-based Early Harappan phase of the Indus Civilization. Monsoon rainfall intensified further between 5.0 and 4.4 ka BP, during the period when Indus urban centres developed in the western Thar Desert margin and on the plains of Haryana to its north. Drier conditions set in sometime after 4.4 ka BP, and by ~3.9 ka BP an eastward shift of populations had occurred. Our findings provide evidence that climate change was associated with both the expansion and contraction of Indus urbanism along the desert margin in northwest India.
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影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Fleitmann, D;Burns, SJ;Matter, A
通讯作者：
Matter, A
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
CHOUDHARY, AK;GOPALAN, K;SASTRY, CA
通讯作者：
SASTRY, CA
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Dixit, Yama;Hodell, David A.;Petrie, Cameron A.
通讯作者：
Petrie, Cameron A.
4100 年前印度西北部夏季季风突然减弱
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Dixit, Yama;Hodell, David A.;Petrie, Cameron A.
通讯作者：
Petrie, Cameron A.
影响因子：
5
作者：
Gazquez, Fernando;Evans, Nicholas P.;Hodell, David A.
通讯作者：
Hodell, David A.