Shutoff of host transcription triggers a toxin-antitoxin system to cleave phage RNA and abort infection.

Shutoff of host transcription triggers a toxin-antitoxin system to cleave phage RNA and abort infection.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.molcel.2021.03.027
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发表时间:
2021-06-03
期刊:
影响因子:
16
通讯作者:
Laub MT
Laub MT
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Guegler CK;Laub MT

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毒素-抗毒素(TA)系统广泛存在于细菌中,但它们的激活机制和真正的靶点在很大程度上仍然未知。在这里,我们描述了一个III型TA系统,toxIN,保护E。大肠杆菌对多种噬菌体,包括T4。使用RNA测序,我们发现T4感染后,内切核糖核酸酶ToxN被激活,主要通过切割病毒mRNA并抑制其翻译来阻断噬菌体发育。ToxN活化由T4诱导的宿主转录的关闭引起,特别是toxIN,导致本质上不稳定的toxI抗毒素的丢失。转录关闭对于ToxN激活是必要且充分的。值得注意的是,toxIN不能强烈地保护另一种噬菌体T7,其不完全阻断宿主转录。因此,我们的研究结果揭示了阻断宿主转录的关键权衡:它有助于噬菌体征用宿主资源,但可以激活有效的防御系统。更一般地说,我们的研究结果揭示了RNA酶毒素的天然靶点和噬菌体防御TA系统的激活机制。
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread in bacteria, but their activation mechanisms and bona-fide targets remain largely unknown. Here, we characterize a type III TA system, toxIN, that protects E. coli against multiple bacteriophage, including T4. Using RNA-sequencing, we find that the endoribonuclease ToxN is activated following T4 infection and blocks phage development primarily by cleaving viral mRNAs and inhibiting their translation. ToxN activation arises from T4-induced shutoff of host transcription, specifically of toxIN, leading to loss of the intrinsically unstable toxI antitoxin. Transcriptional shutoff is necessary and sufficient for ToxN activation. Notably, toxIN does not strongly protect against another phage, T7, which incompletely blocks host transcription. Thus, our results reveal a critical trade-off in blocking host transcription: it helps phage commandeer host resources, but can activate potent defense systems. More generally, our results now reveal the native targets of an RNase toxin and activation mechanism of a phage-defensive TA system.
广泛的噬菌体流产感染系统通过IV型毒素 - 抗毒素机制发挥作用。
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