HIV in the Brain: Identifying Viral Reservoirs and Addressing the Challenges of an HIV Cure.
HIV in the Brain: Identifying Viral Reservoirs and Addressing the Challenges of an HIV Cure.
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DOI：
10.3390/vaccines9080867
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发表时间：
2021-08-05
期刊：
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
Schneider JR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ash MK;Al-Harthi L;Schneider JR
抗逆转录病毒疗法的进步延长了艾滋病毒感染者的寿命，降低了这些人的病毒水平。然而，HIV在中断和/或停止治疗后迅速反弹，这是由于HIV的重要细胞和解剖储库，这强调了HIV治疗策略的挑战。特别是中枢神经系统（CNS），在感染后1-2周内接种HIV，并且是HIV的储存库。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了中枢神经系统和相关细胞类型，包括星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞，已被证明窝藏病毒感染，即使抗逆转录病毒治疗的艾滋病毒水库的范例。特别是，我们专注于星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞的发育方面，导致他们对感染的易感性，以及艾滋病毒感染如何在这些细胞中传播。我们还讨论了测量HIV潜伏库的挑战，病毒检测方法的进展，以及治疗策略如何在CNS水库方面的发展。目前的治疗策略仍然需要优化，以减少或消除HIV CNS储库，并且还可能导致导致认知能力下降的神经炎症水平。考虑到这一点，在评估临床治疗方案和总体病毒负荷时，大脑中的潜伏HIV储库应仍然是一个突出的焦点，特别是在HIV相关神经认知障碍（HAND）的背景下。
Advances in antiretroviral therapy have prolonged the life of people living with HIV and diminished the level of virus in these individuals. Yet, HIV quickly rebounds after disruption and/or cessation of treatment due to significant cellular and anatomical reservoirs for HIV, which underscores the challenge for HIV cure strategies. The central nervous system (CNS), in particular, is seeded with HIV within 1–2 weeks of infection and is a reservoir for HIV. In this review, we address the paradigm of HIV reservoirs in the CNS and the relevant cell types, including astrocytes and microglia, that have been shown to harbor viral infection even with antiretroviral treatment. In particular, we focus on developmental aspects of astrocytes and microglia that lead to their susceptibility to infection, and how HIV infection propagates among these cells. We also address challenges of measuring the HIV latent reservoir, advances in viral detection assays, and how curative strategies have evolved in regard to the CNS reservoir. Current curative strategies still require optimization to reduce or eliminate the HIV CNS reservoir, and may also contribute to levels of neuroinflammation that lead to cognitive decline. With this in mind, the latent HIV reservoir in the brain should remain a prominent focus when assessing treatment options and overall viral burden in the clinic, especially in the context of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND).
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DOI：
10.1093/cid/cix860
发表时间：
2018-02-10
期刊：
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
影响因子：
--
作者：
Chong PF;Kira R;Mori H;Okumura A;Torisu H;Yasumoto S;Shimizu H;Fujimoto T;Hanaoka N;Kusunoki S;Takahashi T;Oishi K;Tanaka-Taya K;Acute Flaccid Myelitis Collaborative Study Investigators
通讯作者：
Acute Flaccid Myelitis Collaborative Study Investigators
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Bosman KJ;Nijhuis M;van Ham PM;Wensing AM;Vervisch K;Vandekerckhove L;De Spiegelaere W
通讯作者：
De Spiegelaere W
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
Avalos CR;Abreu CM;Queen SE;Li M;Price S;Shirk EN;Engle EL;Forsyth E;Bullock BT;Mac Gabhann F;Wietgrefe SW;Haase AT;Zink MC;Mankowski JL;Clements JE;Gama L
通讯作者：
Gama L
影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Alvarez-Carbonell, David;Ye, Fengchun;Karn, Jonathan
通讯作者：
Karn, Jonathan
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Ginhoux F;Lim S;Hoeffel G;Low D;Huber T
通讯作者：
Huber T