Origin and differentiation of microglia.

Origin and differentiation of microglia.
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DOI:
10.3389/fncel.2013.00045
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Huber T
Huber T
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ginhoux F;Lim S;Hoeffel G;Low D;Huber T

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小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统(CNS)的常驻巨噬细胞群体。足够的小胶质细胞功能对于健康的CNS至关重要。小胶质细胞不仅是感染的第一个免疫哨兵,有助于局部的先天性和适应性免疫应答,而且还参与维持脑内稳态。新出现的数据显示,小胶质细胞在控制神经元增殖和分化,以及在突触连接的形成新的和基本的作用。虽然小胶质细胞已经被研究了几十年,但长期的实验误解意味着它们的真正起源仍然存在争议。然而,最近对小胶质细胞起源的研究表明,这些细胞实际上是在发育早期从胚胎卵黄囊(YS)中的祖细胞中产生的,这些祖细胞为大脑雏形播种,并且值得注意的是,这些细胞似乎一直持续到成年。在这里,我们回顾了小胶质细胞的历史,并讨论了我们对它们的起源,分化和稳态的理解的最新进展,这为它们在健康和疾病中的作用提供了新的见解。
Microglia are the resident macrophage population of the central nervous system (CNS). Adequate microglial function is crucial for a healthy CNS. Microglia are not only the first immune sentinels of infection, contributing to both innate and adaptive immune responses locally, but are also involved in the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Emerging data are showing new and fundamental roles for microglia in the control of neuronal proliferation and differentiation, as well as in the formation of synaptic connections. While microglia have been studied for decades, a long history of experimental misinterpretation meant that their true origins remained debated. However, recent studies on microglial origin indicate that these cells in fact arise early during development from progenitors in the embryonic yolk sac (YS) that seed the brain rudiment and, remarkably, appear to persist there into adulthood. Here, we review the history of microglial cells and discuss the latest advances in our understanding of their origin, differentiation, and homeostasis, which provides new insights into their roles in health and disease.
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