miR-155-3p: processing by-product or rising star in immunity and cancer?
miR-155-3p: processing by-product or rising star in immunity and cancer?
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MicroRNA (miRNA) 是基因调控中的关键角色，它针对特定 mRNA 进行降解或翻译抑制。每个 miRNA 被合成为包含两条链（5p 和 3p）的 miRNA 双链体。然而，两条链中只有一条变得活跃，并在称为 miRNA 链选择的过程中选择性地掺入 RNA 诱导的沉默复合物中。最近，在理解链选择所涉及的因素和过程方面取得了重大进展。在这里，我们探讨了 miRNA 星链（5p 或 3p）的选择和功能，与它的伴侣链相比，它通常以较低的水平存在于细胞中，并且历史上被认为不具有生物活性。我们还强调了 miRNA 臂转换和 miRNA 异构的概念。最后，我们深入了解异常链选择对免疫和癌症的影响。引领我们完成这一旅程的是 miR-155，它是一种成熟的免疫和癌症调节因子，越来越多的证据表明它的 3p 链在这些领域发挥着作用。有趣的是，miR-155-5p/-3p 比率似乎根据免疫反应的时间而变化，并且 3p 链似乎对其伴侣 5p 链发挥调节作用。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key players in gene regulation that target specific mRNAs for degradation or translational repression. Each miRNA is synthesized as a miRNA duplex comprising two strands (5p and 3p). However, only one of the two strands becomes active and is selectively incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex in a process known as miRNA strand selection. Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding the factors and processes involved in strand selection. Here, we explore the selection and functionality of the miRNA star strand (either 5p or 3p), which is generally present in the cell at low levels compared to its partner strand and, historically, has been thought to possess no biological activity. We also highlight the concepts of miRNA arm switching and miRNA isomerism. Finally, we offer insights into the impact of aberrant strand selection on immunity and cancer. Leading us through this journey is miR-155, a well-established regulator of immunity and cancer, and the increasing evidence that its 3p strand plays a role in these arenas. Interestingly, the miR-155-5p/-3p ratio appears to vary dependent on the timing of the immune response, and the 3p strand seems to play a regulatory role upon its partner 5p strand.
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