Mining of Deep Nitrogen Facilitates Phragmites australis Invasion in Coastal Saltmarshes

Mining of Deep Nitrogen Facilitates Phragmites australis Invasion in Coastal Saltmarshes
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深氮开采促进芦苇入侵沿海盐沼

DOI:
10.1007/s12237-022-01146-x
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
2.7
通讯作者:
Megonigal, J. Patrick
Megonigal, J. Patrick
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mozdzer, Thomas J.;Meschter, Justin;Baldwin, Andrew H.;Caplan, Joshua S.;Megonigal, J. Patrick

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芦苇(或普通芦苇)是北美湿地最广泛的入侵物种之一,与本地物种相比,其对氮 (N) 的需求量较高。然而,目前还不清楚如何P。澳大利亚能够满足这种氮需求,特别是在土壤氮含量低且氮输入有限的系统中。我们评估了深根是否可以作为一种机制。 australis 获取原本未使用的氮库,使其能够规避养分竞争并获得满足其氮需求所需的“缺失的氮”。我们检查了本地和磷中的地上和地下氮库,以及地下生物量的深度剖面(至 3 m)。切萨皮克湾的两个咸水沼泽中以澳大利亚植物为主的植物群落。评估深根是否有助于 P.为了满足澳大利亚对氮的高需求,我们在四个土壤深度(10、20、40 和 80 厘米)处用 15N 修正了土壤孔隙水,并测量了 15N 同化到植物生物量的速率。我们发现P.澳大利亚的地上立木氮为 6–8 × ,地下总生物量为 2–3 × ,根部比本地植物群落深 3 × (有些超过 3 m)。我们的15N示踪剂研究表明P。澳大利亚从所有测量的土壤深度中获取氮,而本土植物对氮的吸收在 20 厘米以下的土壤中最少。我们的结果表明,深根是 P 的一种机制。澳大利亚人进入以前埋藏的氮池,有助于满足其高氮需求,从而助长其入侵。此外,这些结果从根本上挑战了我们对土壤剖面深处生物地球化学过程的理解,因为在以前被认为基本上是惰性的深处存在活性根。
Phragmites australis(or common reed), one of the most widespread invasive species in wetlands of North America, has a high nitrogen (N) demand compared to native species. However, it is unclear howP. australisis able to meet this N demand, especially in systems with low soil N and limited N inputs. We evaluated whether deep rooting could be a mechanism by whichP. australisaccesses otherwise unused N pools, allowing it to circumvent nutrient competition and acquire the “missing N” needed to meet its N demand. We examined above and belowground N pools, as well as depth profiles of belowground biomass (to 3 m), in native andP. australis-dominated plant communities in two brackish marshes of the Chesapeake Bay. To evaluate whether deep roots contribute toP. australismeeting its high N demand, we amended soil porewater with15N at four soil depths (10, 20, 40, and 80 cm) and measured the rate of15N assimilation into plant biomass. We found thatP. australishad 6–8 × the aboveground standing stock N, 2–3 × the total belowground biomass, and roots up to 3 × deeper than native plant communities (some exceeding 3 m). Our15N tracer study demonstrated thatP. australisacquired N from all measured soil depths, whereas N uptake by native plants was minimal below 20 cm. Our results demonstrate that deep rooting is a mechanism by whichP. australiscan access previously buried N pools, helping to satisfy its high N demand and thus fuel its invasion. Moreover, these results fundamentally challenge our understanding of biogeochemical processes deep within the soil profile given the presence of active roots at depths where they were previously thought to be largely inert.
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