IdeaGenerationThroughEmpathy: Reimaginingthe'CognitiveWalkthrough'
IdeaGenerationThroughEmpathy: Reimaginingthe'CognitiveWalkthrough'
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通过同理心产生创意：重新想象“认知演练”
DOI：
10.1080/23299460.2014.924240
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Seda Yılmaz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Colin M. Gray;Seda Yılmaz
对于普通大众来说，技术科学实验室是一个神秘的地方。从它可以流出关于神秘实体存在的知识，比如希格斯玻色子，或者救命产品的食谱，比如癌症的治疗方法。对于科学家和工程师来说，它代表着变革性研究、发现和进步的无限可能性，这些研究、发现和进步具有启迪和塑造我们共同未来的力量。对于政客和公众来说，作为科学的大本营，它往往似乎同样是精英自利的来源，总是要求更多的钱，也是民主破坏的来源，要求在学校教授科学原理，并要求经济活动受到科学预测的限制，即使这些预测与大众信仰和消费者偏好相冲突。实验室具有团结和分裂的独特能力。在公共领域，实验室受制于形容词的联盟：隐晦的、难以接近的、超凡脱俗的、威胁性的、反宗教的、迷人的、神一般的、令人敬畏的、推动进步的，以及可能拯救生命的。在早期接触和新技术：开放实验室中探讨了通过实验室内的民间合作方法处理技术科学及其有问题的社会背景的新努力。来自6个国家的20位作者的12篇文章分析和批判性地反思了早期参与的五种创新方法：建设性技术评估(CTA)、价值敏感设计(VSD)、中游调制(MM)、道德评估的网络方法(NAME)和政治技术评估(PTA)。这本书的核心只是简单地介绍了学者们提出的五种方法，他们是他们的主要开发人员和实践者之一。Arie Rip和Douglas KR Robinson介绍了CTA，并在这样做的过程中说明了它在纳米科学等新兴科学领域增强研究空间的潜力。由此产生的纳米技术激发了人们对其固有前景的广泛乐观，但也引发了利益相关者的重大担忧，他们担心意外的后果和可能的负面影响。CTA涉及到将社会科学家或其他分析师插入到研发环境中，它包含了广泛的协作、批判性评估和分析机会。曾经是纳米科学实验室的受保护空间演变成一个学习和合作的空间，其中包含了对纳米技术发展的影响和轨迹的跨学科考虑。其结果是一个更具反身性的实验室，变得对社会影响和适应性问题变得敏感和预期。纳米科学家和社会科学家承担着实验室产出的集体责任。最后，技术产出是为人而开发的。考虑到这一点，巴蒂亚·弗里德曼、小彼得·H·卡恩和艾伦·博宁探索了VSD，它试图在整个技术开发过程中解释人类的价值，强调两者都需要有原则
To the general public, the technoscientific laboratory is a mysterious place. From it can flow knowledge about the existence of arcane entities, like the Higgs boson, or recipes for life-saving products, such as cures for cancer. To scientists and engineers, it represents endless possibilities for transformative research, discovery, and progress that have the power to enlighten and shape our collective futures. For politicians and the public, it often appears–as the stronghold of science–to be equally a source of elitist self-interest, always asking for more money, and democratic disruption, demanding that its principles be taught in schools and that economic activities be constrained by its predictions even when they conflict with popular beliefs and consumer preferences. The laboratory has a unique capacity to unite and divide. In the public sphere, the laboratory is subject to a confederacy of descriptors: veiled, inaccessible, other-worldly, threatening, anti-religious, fascinating, god-like, awe-inspiring, progressdriving, and potentially life-saving. New efforts to deal with technoscience and its problematic social contexts by means of methodologies for civil cooperation in the lab itself are explored in Early Engagement and New Technologies: Opening up the Laboratory. Twelve contributions by 20 authors from 6 countries analyze and critically reflect on five innovative approaches to early engagement: constructive technology assessment (CTA), value-sensitive design (VSD), midstream modulation (MM), the network approach for moral evaluation (NAME), and political technology assessment (PTA). The core of the book simply presents the five methodologies by scholars who have been among their leading developers and practitioners. Arie Rip and Douglas KR Robinson introduce CTA, and in doing so illustrate its potential for enhancing the research space in a burgeoning scientific field like nanoscience. The resultant nanotechnologies inspire widespread optimism about their inherent promise, but also elicit significant trepidation from stakeholders concerned about unintended consequences and possible negative impacts. CTA involves the insertion of a social scientist or other analyst into the R&D environment, and it incorporates wide-ranging opportunities for collaboration, critical assessment, and analysis. The protected space that has been the nanoscience lab evolves into a space for learning and collaboration that embraces cross-disciplinary consideration of implications and trajectories of nanotechnology developments. The result is a more reflexive laboratory that becomes sensitive to, and anticipatory of, societal implications and adaptability issues. Nanoscientists and social scientists take on collective responsibility for lab outputs. In the end, technological outputs are developed for people. With this in mind, Batya Friedman, Peter H. Kahn Jr., and Alan Borning explore VSD, which seeks to account for human values throughout the technology development process, emphasizing the need to be both principled
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
LEVENSON, RW;RUEF, AM
通讯作者：
RUEF, AM