Sex ratio meiotic drive as a plausible evolutionary mechanism for hybrid male sterility.
Sex ratio meiotic drive as a plausible evolutionary mechanism for hybrid male sterility.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.1005073
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发表时间：
2015-03
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Tao Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang L;Sun T;Woldesellassie F;Xiao H;Tao Y
地球上的生物多样性取决于物种或物种形成的繁殖，这是两个新物种之间的杂交不育等生殖隔离的进化。一个未解之谜是导致两个基因组从它们的共同祖先分化的确切机制，使得一些分化的基因在杂交后代中不再正常发挥作用。在这里，我们报告了控制雄性生育力和性比的两个非常年轻的果蝇物种，果蝇albomicans和D。纳苏塔。这两个性状的大部分遗传差异通过数量性状基因座定位被定位到相同的区域。随着基因渗入，发现六个主要位点有助于这两个性状。这种遗传共定位意味着杂种雄性不育基因的进化主要是为了控制性比。我们认为，性别比的遗传冲突可能作为一个永久的发电机基因组分歧。这种特殊的进化机制可能在很大程度上有助于杂交雄性不育的快速进化和X染色体上潜在基因的不成比例富集-这两种模式在动物中广泛观察到。地球上生活着数百万种物种，这要归功于一个将一个物种分裂成两个或更多新物种的进化过程。新物种的形成以繁殖隔离（RI）的进化为基准，如新物种之间的杂交不育。然而，RI如何演变的基本问题在很大程度上仍然未知。在一对非常年轻的果蝇物种中，我们定位了六个表达杂交雄性不育（HMS）和性比扭曲双重功能的基因座，暗示了这两个特征之间的进化因果联系。在动物类群中广泛观察到的HMS的快速进化可以归因于控制性染色体分离的基因的快速进化。基因组中的所有基因并不相等。这项研究表明，基因组不同部分之间的冲突可能会产生强大的进化压力，这种机制迄今为止一直被认为是罕见的，实际上可能比目前所认识的更普遍。
Biological diversity on Earth depends on the multiplication of species or speciation, which is the evolution of reproductive isolation such as hybrid sterility between two new species. An unsolved puzzle is the exact mechanism(s) that causes two genomes to diverge from their common ancestor so that some divergent genes no longer function properly in the hybrids. Here we report genetic analyses of divergent genes controlling male fertility and sex ratio in two very young fruitfly species, Drosophila albomicans and D. nasuta. A majority of the genetic divergence for both traits is mapped to the same regions by quantitative trait loci mappings. With introgressions, six major loci are found to contribute to both traits. This genetic colocalization implicates that genes for hybrid male sterility have evolved primarily for controlling sex ratio. We propose that genetic conflicts over sex ratio may operate as a perpetual dynamo for genome divergence. This particular evolutionary mechanism may largely contribute to the rapid evolution of hybrid male sterility and the disproportionate enrichment of its underlying genes on the X chromosome – two patterns widely observed across animals. Millions of species live on Earth, thanks to an evolutionary process that splits one species to two or more new species. The formation of new species is benchmarked by the evolution of reproductive isolation (RI) such as hybrid sterility between new species. The fundamental question of how RI evolves, however, remains largely unknown. In a pair of very young fruitfly species, we localized six loci expressing dual functions of hybrid male sterility (HMS) and sex ratio distortion, implicating an evolutionary causal link between these two traits. The rapid evolution of HMS widely observed across animal taxa can be attributed to the rapid evolution of genes controlling sex chromosome segregation. All genes in a genome are not equal. This study suggests that conflicts among various parts of a genome might confer strong evolutionary pressure—a mechanism that has hitherto been regarded as rare and could actually be more ubiquitous than currently appreciated.
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