Dynamics of macronutrient self-medication and illness-induced anorexia in virally infected insects.
Dynamics of macronutrient self-medication and illness-induced anorexia in virally infected insects.
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2656.12127
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发表时间：
2014-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wilson K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Povey S;Cotter SC;Simpson SJ;Wilson K
有些动物在感染寄生虫后会改变它们的进食行为，寻找能增强它们抵抗感染能力的物质。这种“自我药疗”通常被认为涉及毒素、矿物质或次级化合物的消耗。然而，最近的研究表明，大量营养素可以影响免疫反应，病原体挑战的个体可以通过选择富含蛋白质和低碳水化合物的饮食来自我免疫。受感染的个体也可能在感染时减少食物摄入量（即疾病引起的厌食症）。在这里，我们研究宏量营养素自我药物和疾病引起的厌食症的毛虫的非洲粘虫（Spodoptera excepta），询问个人如何改变他们的喂养决定在感染杆状病毒的时间过程。我们测量了几个全同胞家庭的自我药疗行为，以评估饮食选择的可塑性和潜在的遗传变异。限制在高蛋白质（P）和低碳水化合物（C）的饲料中的幼虫比限制在低P：C比的饲料中的幼虫更有可能在病毒攻击中存活。当允许自由选择时，病毒挑战的个体选择比对照组更高的蛋白质饮食。用致死或亚致死剂量的病毒攻击的个体增加了他们所选择的饮食的P：C比率。这主要是由于碳水化合物摄入量急剧下降，而不是蛋白质摄入量增加，减少了整体食物摄入量，与疾病诱导的过敏反应一致。随着时间的推移，饮食的P：C比率下降，直到与对照组相匹配。我们的研究为使用大量营养素的饮食自我药物提供了最明确的证据，并表明进食行为的时间动态取决于感染的严重程度和阶段。不同家庭表现出的惊人相似的行为表明，自我药疗是表型塑料，而不是家庭之间饮食选择的遗传差异的结果。
Some animals change their feeding behaviour when infected with parasites, seeking out substances that enhance their ability to overcome infection. This ‘self-medication’ is typically considered to involve the consumption of toxins, minerals or secondary compounds. However, recent studies have shown that macronutrients can influence the immune response and that pathogen-challenged individuals can self-medicate by choosing a diet rich in protein and low in carbohydrates. Infected individuals might also reduce food intake when infected (i.e. illness-induced anorexia). Here, we examine macronutrient self-medication and illness-induced anorexia in caterpillars of the African armyworm (Spodoptera exempta) by asking how individuals change their feeding decisions over the time course of infection with a baculovirus. We measured self-medication behaviour across several full-sib families to evaluate the plasticity of diet choice and underlying genetic variation. Larvae restricted to diets high in protein (P) and low in carbohydrate (C) were more likely to survive a virus challenge than those restricted to diets with a low P: C ratio. When allowed free choice, virus-challenged individuals chose a higher protein diet than controls. Individuals challenged with either a lethal or sublethal dose of virus increased the P: C ratio of their chosen diets. This was mostly due to a sharp decline in carbohydrate intake, rather than an increased intake of protein, reducing overall food intake, consistent with an illness-induced anorexic response. Over time the P: C ratio of the diet decreased until it matched that of controls. Our study provides the clearest evidence yet for dietary self-medication using macronutrients and shows that the temporal dynamics of feeding behaviour depends on the severity and stage of the infection. The strikingly similar behaviour shown by different families suggests that self-medication is phenotypically plastic and not a consequence of genetically based differences in diet choice between families.
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影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Cotter, SC;Hails, RS;Wilson, K
通讯作者：
Wilson, K
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Castella, Gregoire;Chapuisat, Michel;Christe, Philippe
通讯作者：
Christe, Philippe
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Cotter, Sheena C.;Simpson, Stephen J.;Wilson, Kenneth
通讯作者：
Wilson, Kenneth
DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2003.0069
发表时间：
2003-11-07
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Freitak, D;Ots, I;Horak, P
通讯作者：
Horak, P
影响因子：
8.8
作者：
Christe, P;Oppliger, A;Chapuisat, M
通讯作者：
Chapuisat, M