Mouse d-Amino-Acid Oxidase: Distribution and Physiological Substrates.
Mouse d-Amino-Acid Oxidase: Distribution and Physiological Substrates.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmolb.2017.00082
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Konno R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koga R;Miyoshi Y;Sakaue H;Hamase K;Konno R
d-氨基酸氧化酶（DAO）催化d-氨基酸的氧化脱胺。DAO存在于多种生物体中，具有重要作用。本文就小鼠DAO的分布及生理机制作一综述。小鼠DAO与其他哺乳动物中的DAO一样存在于肾脏、大脑和脊髓中。然而，与其他动物相比，它不存在于小鼠的肝脏中。最近，DAO在小鼠的中性粒细胞、视网膜和小肠中被检测到。为了确定小鼠DAO的生理底物，缺乏DAO活性的突变小鼠是有帮助的。由于DAO具有广泛的底物特异性并降解多种d-氨基酸，因此许多d-氨基酸在突变小鼠的组织和体液中积累。这些氨基酸是d-蛋氨酸、d-丙氨酸、d-丝氨酸、d-亮氨酸、d-脯氨酸、d-苯丙氨酸、d-酪氨酸和d-瓜氨酸。即使在野生型小鼠中，给药DAO抑制剂也会提高血浆和脑中的d-丝氨酸水平。在上述d-氨基酸中，小鼠DAO的主要生理底物是d-丙氨酸和d-丝氨酸。这两种d-氨基酸在小鼠的组织和体液中含量最多。d-丙氨酸来源于细菌，通过DAO的作用产生杀菌活性氧。d-丝氨酸由丝氨酸消旋酶合成，尤其存在于中枢神经系统中，作为神经调节剂。DAO负责d-丝氨酸的代谢。由于DAO与神经精神疾病的病因有关，因此小鼠DAO被用作代表性模型。然而，最近的报告表明，小鼠DAO在一些重要属性上不同于人类DAO。
d-Amino-acid oxidase (DAO) catalyzes the oxidative deamination of d-amino acids. DAO is present in a wide variety of organisms and has important roles. Here, we review the distribution and physiological substrates of mouse DAO. Mouse DAO is present in the kidney, brain, and spinal cord, like DAOs in other mammals. However, in contrast to other animals, it is not present in the mouse liver. Recently, DAO has been detected in the neutrophils, retina, and small intestine in mice. To determine the physiological substrates of mouse DAO, mutant mice lacking DAO activity are helpful. As DAO has wide substrate specificity and degrades various d-amino acids, many d-amino acids accumulate in the tissues and body fluids of the mutant mice. These amino acids are d-methionine, d-alanine, d-serine, d-leucine, d-proline, d-phenylalanine, d-tyrosine, and d-citrulline. Even in wild-type mice, administration of DAO inhibitors elevates D-serine levels in the plasma and brain. Among the above d-amino acids, the main physiological substrates of mouse DAO are d-alanine and d-serine. These two d-amino acids are most abundant in the tissues and body fluids of mice. d-Alanine derives from bacteria and produces bactericidal reactive oxygen species by the action of DAO. d-Serine is synthesized by serine racemase and is present especially in the central nervous system, where it serves as a neuromodulator. DAO is responsible for the metabolism of d-serine. Since DAO has been implicated in the etiology of neuropsychiatric diseases, mouse DAO has been used as a representative model. Recent reports, however, suggest that mouse DAO is different from human DAO with respect to important properties.
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影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Hamase, K;Inoue, T;Zaitsu, K
通讯作者：
Zaitsu, K
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Alt J;Rojas C;Wozniak K;Wu Y;Ferraris D;Tsukamoto T;Slusher B
通讯作者：
Slusher B
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Dietrich, D. R.;Heussner, A. H.;Day, B. W.
通讯作者：
Day, B. W.
影响因子：
2
作者：
Hamase, K;Konno, R;Zaitsu, K
通讯作者：
Zaitsu, K
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Hamase, K;Nagayasu, R;Zaitsu, K
通讯作者：
Zaitsu, K