Helping the Poorest Help Themselves? Encouraging Employment Past 65 in England and the USA
Helping the Poorest Help Themselves? Encouraging Employment Past 65 in England and the USA
复制标题
帮助最贫穷的人自助？
DOI：
10.1017/s0047279410000942
复制
发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
D. Lain
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Lain
摘要在人口老龄化和退休收入低的背景下，英国政府正在鼓励延迟退休。然而，经合组织认为，英国的经济状况调查福利抑制了最贫困人口的就业，Vickerstaff（2006 b）认为，管理人员通常控制了65岁以上的工作机会。相比之下，在美国，福利微薄且难以获得，年龄歧视立法保护个人免于被迫退休。美国的“自力更生”政策方针是否会增加英国65岁以上最贫困人口的就业机会，并增强或削弱他们的财务状况？证据表明，延长英国年龄歧视立法和限制福利将增加65岁以上的整体就业，尽管不一定达到美国的水平。对英国老龄化纵向研究和美国健康与退休研究的分析发现，2002年，65岁以上的最贫困人口在美国工作的可能性比在英国更大。然而，在美国，最贫困人群的就业率仍然很低，特别是与较富裕的群体相比;逻辑回归分析主要将其归因于较低的健康和教育水平。因此，美国的政策方针很可能会损害英国最贫困人口的财务状况，因为就业的增加不足以弥补福利损失。
Abstract In the context of population ageing and low retirement incomes, the UK government is encouraging delayed retirement. However, the OECD has argued that UK means-tested benefits disincentivise employment for the poorest, and Vickerstaff (2006b) has suggested managers have typically controlled opportunities to work beyond 65. In the US, contrastingly, benefits are meagre and difficult to access, and age discrimination legislation protects individuals from forced retirement. Would a US ‘self-reliance’ policy approach increase employment amongst the poorest over 65s in the UK and enhance or diminish their financial position? The evidence suggests that extending UK age discrimination legislation and restricting benefits would increase overall employment past 65, although not necessarily to US levels. Analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing and the US Health and Retirement Study finds the poorest over 65s were more likely to work in the USA than in England in 2002. However, within the USA, employment amongst the poorest was still low, especially compared with wealthier groups; logistic regression analysis primarily attributes this to lower levels of health and education. A US policy approach would therefore most likely damage the financial position of the poorest in the UK, as increased employment would not sufficiently compensate for lost benefits.
影响因子：
120.7
作者：
Banks, J;Marmot, M;Smith, JP
通讯作者：
Smith, JP
回避退休：七十岁和八十岁出头男性的工作经历。
DOI：
10.1093/geronj/49.3.s117
发表时间：
1994
期刊：
Journal of gerontology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Parnes,HS;Sommers,DG
通讯作者：
Sommers,DG