Rapid Quantification of Nanosphere Lithography Packing Defects Using Scanning Electron Microscopy Edge Effects

Rapid Quantification of Nanosphere Lithography Packing Defects Using Scanning Electron Microscopy Edge Effects
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使用扫描电子显微镜边缘效应快速量化纳米球光刻填充缺陷

DOI:
10.1002/pssr.202000328
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
physica status solidi (RRL
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Warren, Roseanne
Warren, Roseanne
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bekeris, Michael;Truong, Takara;Carron, Stephen;Karimi, Zahra;Feng, Haidong;Nze, Ugochukwu;Beeman, Michael;Sochol, Ryan D.;Warren, Roseanne

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纳米球光刻(NSL)是一种自下而上的自组装方法,能够快速、低成本地形成纳米级特征的图案化。NSL的实际应用和可扩展性依赖于在大面积衬底上实现无缺陷纳米球自组装的能力。单层纳米球模板的自组装方法通常使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)成像进行评估,文献报道集中在连续纳米球覆盖的最大面积上。另一种性能指标--表现出完美六角形紧密堆积(%HCP)的纳米球的百分比--对NSL的精确度和重复性是唯一关键的。为了改进目前评价纳米球自组装的方法,本工作提出了一种扫描电子显微镜图像分析方法,用于快速定量单层纳米球中的填充缺陷以确定%HCP。该方法利用扫描电子显微镜边缘效应亮度的变化来区分具有完美堆积的球体和具有缺陷构型的球体或沿着边缘的球体。将图像分析程序的结果与人工计数纳米球的结果进行比较,表明该程序具有很高的准确度,%HCP度量的平均误差为+8.6%(绝对误差)。结果表明,本方法为快速评价纳米球自组装提供了一条很有前途的途径,可用于表面增强拉曼散射、光伏电池和纳米间隙电极等高精度NSL应用。
Nanosphere lithography (NSL) is a bottom‐up, self‐assembly approach that enables rapid, low‐cost patterning of nanoscale features. The practical application and scalability of NSL relies on the ability to achieve defect‐free nanosphere self‐assembly over large substrate areas. Self‐assembly methods for single‐layer nanosphere templates are typically evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, with literature reports focusing on maximum area of continuous nanosphere coverage. An alternative performance metric—namely, the percentage of nanospheres exhibiting perfect hexagonal close‐packing (%HCP)—is uniquely critical to NSL precision and repeatability. To enhance current methods of evaluating nanosphere self‐assembly, this work presents an SEM image analysis approach for rapidly quantifying packing defects in single‐layer nanospheres to determine %HCP. The method uses variations in SEM edge effect brightness to distinguish spheres with perfect packing from those in defect configurations or along edges. Comparison of image analysis program results with manual counting of nanospheres indicates that the program has a high degree of accuracy, with a mean error on the %HCP metric of +8.6% (absolute error). The results suggest that the present strategy offers a promising pathway to rapid evaluation of nanosphere self‐assembly for high‐precision NSL applications such as surface‐enhanced Raman scattering, photovoltaic cells, and nanogap electrodes.
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