Discovery of a rapidly evolving yeast defense factor, KTD1, against the secreted killer toxin K28.
Discovery of a rapidly evolving yeast defense factor, KTD1, against the secreted killer toxin K28.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2217194120
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发表时间：
2023-02-21
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Sadhu, Meru J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andreev, Ilya;Laidlaw, Kamilla M. E.;Giovanetti, Simone M.;Urtecho, Guillaume;Shriner, Daniel;Bloom, Joshua S.;MacDonald, Chris;Sadhu, Meru J.
蛋白质毒素在整个生物学中被用作进化冲突中的武器。一个有趣的例子是杀手酵母，它分泌病毒编码的杀手毒素，抑制易感酵母菌株的生长。自然界中的酵母对致命毒素的敏感性各不相同，但迄今为止，这种变化的基础尚不清楚。我们发现芽殖酵母酿酒酵母具有快速进化的防御因子，可抵抗杀手毒素 K28，我们将其命名为 KTD1。 KTD1 是 DUP240 基因家族的成员。尽管酵母基因组中有许多 DUP240 基因，但它们的细胞功能一直是个谜。我们的结果揭示了 DUP240 基因在防御杀手毒素方面的作用，这是进化冲突的一部分。分泌的蛋白质毒素是生物体之间冲突中广泛使用的武器。阐明生物体如何通过基因适应来防御这些毒素，对于理解竞争生物体的共同进化动力学至关重要。在酵母群落内，会分泌“杀手”毒素来杀死附近敏感的酵母，从而在竞争性生长环境中提供适应性优势。天然酵母分离物对这些毒素的敏感性各不相同，但迄今为止，尚未发现有助于防御的多态性遗传因素。我们研究了酿酒酵母种群的不同天然分离株对杀手毒素 K28 的抵抗力的变化。通过大规模连锁图谱，我们发现了一种新的防御因子，我们将其命名为 KTD1。我们鉴定了许多 KTD1 等位基因，它们提供了不同水平的 K28 抗性。 KTD1 是功能未知的 DUP240 基因家族的成员，该基因家族在跨越其编码的两个跨膜螺旋的区域中快速进化。我们发现这个结构域对于 KTD1 的保护能力至关重要。我们的研究结果表明 KTD1 是防御 K28 毒素的关键多态性因子。
Protein toxins are used throughout biology as weapons in evolutionary conflicts. A fascinating example is killer yeast, which secrete virally encoded killer toxins that inhibit the growth of susceptible yeast strains. Yeast in nature vary in their sensitivity to killer toxins, but to date, the basis of this variation has not been understood. We discovered that the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a rapidly evolving defense factor against the killer toxin K28, which we name KTD1. KTD1 is a member of the DUP240 gene family. Although the yeast genome has many DUP240 genes, their cellular function has been enigmatic. Our results uncover the role of a DUP240 gene in defense against killer toxin as part of an evolutionary conflict. Secreted protein toxins are widely used weapons in conflicts between organisms. Elucidating how organisms genetically adapt to defend themselves against these toxins is fundamental to understanding the coevolutionary dynamics of competing organisms. Within yeast communities, “killer” toxins are secreted to kill nearby sensitive yeast, providing a fitness advantage in competitive growth environments. Natural yeast isolates vary in their sensitivity to these toxins, but to date, no polymorphic genetic factors contributing to defense have been identified. We investigated the variation in resistance to the killer toxin K28 across diverse natural isolates of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae population. Using large-scale linkage mapping, we discovered a novel defense factor, which we named KTD1. We identified many KTD1 alleles, which provided different levels of K28 resistance. KTD1 is a member of the DUP240 gene family of unknown function, which is rapidly evolving in a region spanning its two encoded transmembrane helices. We found that this domain is critical to KTD1’s protective ability. Our findings implicate KTD1 as a key polymorphic factor in the defense against K28 toxin.
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