Biomass Production with Conservation Practices for Two Iowa Watersheds

Biomass Production with Conservation Practices for Two Iowa Watersheds
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爱荷华州两个流域的生物质生产与保护实践

DOI:
10.1111/1752-1688.12880
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Belden, Bill
Belden, Bill
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ha, Miae;Wu, May;Tomer, Mark D.;Gassman, Philip W.;Isenhart, Thomas M.;Arnold, Jeffrey G.;White, Michael J.;Parish, Esther S.;Comer, Kevin S.;Belden, Bill

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水文模型被用来估计潜在的变化,营养物质,悬浮泥沙,在不同的生物量生产的情况下,不同的景观设计与保护措施。选择两个主要的玉米和大豆农田进行研究:爱荷华州河流域的南叉和浣熊河流域的源头。一个基于物理的模型,土壤和水评估工具,被用来模拟水文和水质在不同的情况下,养护做法和生物量生产。情景是基于保护措施和生物量生产;河岸缓冲区(RB),饱和缓冲区,和草的水道;各种秸秆收获率为30%,45%和70%,有和没有冬季覆盖作物;和转换边际土地柳枝稷。采用不同生物质原料的养护做法和景观设计已被证明可显著改善水质,同时支持可持续的生物质生产。氮,磷和悬浮泥沙模型的结果进行了分析,时间在不同的水文响应单元,整个流域的空间尺度。通过保护措施,水质可能会通过减少氮负荷高达20%-30%(覆盖作物秸秆收获),磷负荷20%-40%(RB),和沉积物负荷30%-70%(覆盖作物秸秆收获和RB)。
Hydrologic modeling was used to estimate potential changes in nutrients, suspended sediment, and streamflow in various biomass production scenarios with conservation practices under different landscape designs. Two major corn and soybean croplands were selected for study: the South Fork of the Iowa River watershed and the headwater of the Raccoon River watershed. A physically based model, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool, was used to simulate hydrology and water quality under different scenarios with conservation practices and biomass production. Scenarios are based on conservation practices and biomass production; riparian buffer (RB), saturated buffer, and grassed waterways; various stover harvest rates of 30%, 45%, and 70% with and without winter cover crops; and conversion of marginal land to switchgrass. Conservation practices and landscape design with different biomass feedstocks were shown to significantly improve water quality while supporting sustainable biomass production. Model results for nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended sediments were analyzed temporally at spatial scales that varied from hydrologic response units to the entire watershed. With conservation practices, water quality could potentially improve by reducing nitrogen loads by up to 20%–30% (stover harvest with cover crop), phosphorus loads by 20%–40% (RB), and sediment loads by 30%–70% (stover harvest with cover crop and RB).
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