Impact of shortened crop rotation of oilseed rape on soil and rhizosphere microbial diversity in relation to yield decline.
Impact of shortened crop rotation of oilseed rape on soil and rhizosphere microbial diversity in relation to yield decline.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0059859
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Mills P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hilton S;Bennett AJ;Keane G;Bending GD;Chandler D;Stobart R;Mills P
与原始 OSR 相比，单一栽培的油菜 (OSR) 产量下降高达 25%，但其机制尚不清楚。对与小麦进行一系列轮作的 OSR 进行长期田间试验，以确定根际和土壤中真菌和细菌种群的变化是否与 OSR 产量下降有关。分别使用末端限制性片段长度多态性 (TRFLP) 和克隆的内转录间隔区和 16S rRNA 基因的测序来分析田间实验中根际和土壤中的真菌和细菌群落。 OSR 种植频率对根际细菌群落没有影响。然而，连续种植的 OSR 的根际真菌群落与其他轮作的根际真菌群落显着不同。这主要是由于两种真菌的丰度增加，这两种真菌分别与植物病原体 Olpidium bassicae 和 Pyrenochaeta lycopersici 有 100% 和 95% 的 DNA 同一性。实时 PCR 证实，连续生长的 OSR 中这些真菌的数量明显多于其他轮作。这两种真菌从田间分离出来，并用于接种在温室中受控条件下生长的 OSR 和甘蓝，以确定它们对产量的影响。在高剂量下，油菜花会减少幼苗的顶部生长和根部生物量，并减少分枝以及随后的豆荚和种子产量。核毛毛菌属 sp.在幼苗的根部形成病变，高剂量时会延迟开花并对种子数量和质量产生负面影响。
Oilseed rape (OSR) grown in monoculture shows a decline in yield relative to virgin OSR of up to 25%, but the mechanisms responsible are unknown. A long term field experiment of OSR grown in a range of rotations with wheat was used to determine whether shifts in fungal and bacterial populations of the rhizosphere and bulk soil were associated with the development of OSR yield decline. The communities of fungi and bacteria in the rhizosphere and bulk soil from the field experiment were profiled using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) and sequencing of cloned internal transcribed spacer regions and 16S rRNA genes, respectively. OSR cropping frequency had no effect on rhizosphere bacterial communities. However, the rhizosphere fungal communities from continuously grown OSR were significantly different to those from other rotations. This was due primarily to an increase in abundance of two fungi which showed 100% and 95% DNA identity to the plant pathogens Olpidium brassicae and Pyrenochaeta lycopersici, respectively. Real-time PCR confirmed that there was significantly more of these fungi in the continuously grown OSR than the other rotations. These two fungi were isolated from the field and used to inoculate OSR and Brassica oleracea grown under controlled conditions in a glasshouse to determine their effect on yield. At high doses, Olpidium brassicae reduced top growth and root biomass in seedlings and reduced branching and subsequent pod and seed production. Pyrenochaeta sp. formed lesions on the roots of seedlings, and at high doses delayed flowering and had a negative impact on seed quantity and quality.
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DOI：
10.1139/b85-326
发表时间：
1985-12-01
期刊：
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE
影响因子：
--
作者：
CAMPBELL, RN
通讯作者：
CAMPBELL, RN
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Kelley, KW;Long, JH;Todd, TC
通讯作者：
Todd, TC
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
GARDES, M;BRUNS, TD
通讯作者：
BRUNS, TD
DOI：
10.1080/09064710802342319
发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Li, Qiuhong;Wu, Fengzhi;Wang, Xuezheng
通讯作者：
Wang, Xuezheng
影响因子：
9.7
作者：
BAKKER, AW;SCHIPPERS, B
通讯作者：
SCHIPPERS, B