Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans.
Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans.
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疫苗诱导的人类针对 COVID-19 的保护的免疫机制。
DOI：
10.1038/s41577-021-00578-z
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发表时间：
2021-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kollmann TR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sadarangani M;Marchant A;Kollmann TR
大多数新冠疫苗旨在引发免疫反应，理想情况下是产生针对新冠病毒刺突蛋白的中和抗体（NAbs）。包括信使核糖核酸（mRNA）疫苗、腺病毒载体疫苗、蛋白亚单位疫苗和全细胞灭活病毒疫苗在内的几种疫苗，目前已在三期试验中报告了有效性，并在许多国家获得了紧急批准。迄今为止获批的两种mRNA疫苗在仅接种一剂后就显示出有效性，此时可检测到非中和抗体和中等程度的辅助性T细胞1型（T helper 1 cell）反应，但几乎没有中和抗体。接种一剂腺病毒疫苗后，会引发多功能抗体，这些抗体能够介导病毒中和以及驱动其他抗体依赖的效应功能，还能引发强烈的T细胞反应。这些数据表明，保护作用可能只需低水平的中和抗体，并可能涉及其他免疫效应机制，包括非中和抗体、T细胞和先天免疫机制。确定保护机制以及保护的相关因素对于指导进一步的疫苗研发以及全球已获批新冠疫苗的使用至关重要。
这篇进展文章总结了我们目前对现有新冠疫苗所诱导的免疫保护机制的理解。作者比较了接种一剂或两剂不同疫苗后疫苗诱导的抗体反应，并考虑了中和抗体在疫苗介导的针对新冠病毒的保护中的相对重要性。
Most COVID-19 vaccines are designed to elicit immune responses, ideally neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Several vaccines, including mRNA, adenoviral-vectored, protein subunit and whole-cell inactivated virus vaccines, have now reported efficacy in phase III trials and have received emergency approval in many countries. The two mRNA vaccines approved to date show efficacy even after only one dose, when non-NAbs and moderate T helper 1 cell responses are detectable, but almost no NAbs. After a single dose, the adenovirus vaccines elicit polyfunctional antibodies that are capable of mediating virus neutralization and of driving other antibody-dependent effector functions, as well as potent T cell responses. These data suggest that protection may require low levels of NAbs and might involve other immune effector mechanisms including non-NAbs, T cells and innate immune mechanisms. Identifying the mechanisms of protection as well as correlates of protection is crucially important to inform further vaccine development and guide the use of licensed COVID-19 vaccines worldwide. This Progress article summarizes our current understanding of the immune mechanisms of protection induced by the available COVID-19 vaccines. The authors compare vaccine-induced antibody responses following one or two doses of different vaccines and consider the relative importance of neutralizing antibodies for vaccine-mediated protection against SARS-CoV-2.
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DOI：
10.1126/science.abd4585
发表时间：
2020-10-23
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bastard P;Rosen LB;Zhang Q;Michailidis E;Hoffmann HH;Zhang Y;Dorgham K;Philippot Q;Rosain J;Béziat V;Manry J;Shaw E;Haljasmägi L;Peterson P;Lorenzo L;Bizien L;Trouillet-Assant S;Dobbs K;de Jesus AA;Belot A;Kallaste A;Catherinot E;Tandjaoui-Lambiotte Y;Le Pen J;Kerner G;Bigio B;Seeleuthner Y;Yang R;Bolze A;Spaan AN;Delmonte OM;Abers MS;Aiuti A;Casari G;Lampasona V;Piemonti L;Ciceri F;Bilguvar K;Lifton RP;Vasse M;Smadja DM;Migaud M;Hadjadj J;Terrier B;Duffy D;Quintana-Murci L;van de Beek D;Roussel L;Vinh DC;Tangye SG;Haerynck F;Dalmau D;Martinez-Picado J;Brodin P;Nussenzweig MC;Boisson-Dupuis S;Rodríguez-Gallego C;Vogt G;Mogensen TH;Oler AJ;Gu J;Burbelo PD;Cohen JI;Biondi A;Bettini LR;D'Angio M;Bonfanti P;Rossignol P;Mayaux J;Rieux-Laucat F;Husebye ES;Fusco F;Ursini MV;Imberti L;Sottini A;Paghera S;Quiros-Roldan E;Rossi C;Castagnoli R;Montagna D;Licari A;Marseglia GL;Duval X;Ghosn J;HGID Lab;NIAID-USUHS Immune Response to COVID Group;COVID Clinicians;COVID-STORM Clinicians;Imagine COVID Group;French COVID Cohort Study Group;Milieu Intérieur Consortium;CoV-Contact Cohort;Amsterdam UMC Covid-19 Biobank;COVID Human Genetic Effort;Tsang JS;Goldbach-Mansky R;Kisand K;Lionakis MS;Puel A;Zhang SY;Holland SM;Gorochov G;Jouanguy E;Rice CM;Cobat A;Notarangelo LD;Abel L;Su HC;Casanova JL
通讯作者：
Casanova JL
DOI：
10.1056/nejmoa2035389
发表时间：
2021-02-04
期刊：
The New England journal of medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
Baden LR;El Sahly HM;Essink B;Kotloff K;Frey S;Novak R;Diemert D;Spector SA;Rouphael N;Creech CB;McGettigan J;Khetan S;Segall N;Solis J;Brosz A;Fierro C;Schwartz H;Neuzil K;Corey L;Gilbert P;Janes H;Follmann D;Marovich M;Mascola J;Polakowski L;Ledgerwood J;Graham BS;Bennett H;Pajon R;Knightly C;Leav B;Deng W;Zhou H;Han S;Ivarsson M;Miller J;Zaks T;COVE Study Group
通讯作者：
COVE Study Group
影响因子：
168.9
作者：
Buchbinder, Susan P.;Mehrotra, Devon V.;Duerr, Ann;Fitzgerald, Daniel W.;Mogg, Robin;Li, David;Gilbert, Peter B.;Lama, Javier R.;Marmor, Michael;del Rio, Carlos;McElrath, M. Juliana;Casimiro, Danilo R.;Gottesdiener, Keith M.;Chodakewitz, Jeffrey A.;Corey, Lawrence;Robertson, Michael N.
通讯作者：
Robertson, Michael N.
影响因子：
--
作者：
CALLOW, KA
通讯作者：
CALLOW, KA
影响因子：
15.9
作者：
Chen, Guang;Wu, Di;Ning, Qin
通讯作者：
Ning, Qin