Ecosystem recharge by volcanic dust drives broad-scale variation in bird abundance.
Ecosystem recharge by volcanic dust drives broad-scale variation in bird abundance.
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.1523
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发表时间：
2015-06
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Gill, Jennifer A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gunnarsson, Tomas Gretar;Arnalds, Olafur;Appleton, Graham;Mendez, Veronica;Gill, Jennifer A.
关键词：
在全球范围内，沙漠和火山喷发产生了大量的大气尘埃，预计随着全球变暖，尘埃的数量将会增加。远距离气载粉尘输入对生态系统生产力的影响可能是深远的，但主要是在土壤和植物中测量的。空气中的尘埃也可以推动较高营养水平的分布和丰度，但探索这些关系的机会很少。在这里，我们使用冰岛陡峭的尘埃沉积梯度来评估尘埃对国际上重要的地面筑巢鸟类种群分布和丰度的影响。通过对冰岛低地729个地点繁殖鸟类丰度的调查，探讨了沙尘沉积对农业、干燥和潮湿生境鸟类丰度的影响。在干燥和潮湿的栖息地，尘埃沉积对冰岛的鸟类数量有很大的积极影响，但在养分水平得到管理的农业用地上，尘埃沉积对鸟类的丰度没有明显的积极影响。在冰岛，繁殖的涉禽是陆地鸟类的主要群体，在潮湿和干燥的栖息地中，最低和最高尘埃沉积级别之间的平均数量增加了两倍。火山物质的沉积和再分配可对陆地生态系统产生强大影响，并可在广泛的空间尺度上成为高营养级生物丰度的主要驱动力。火山喷发期间火山灰沉积和随后不稳定的火山物质重新分布的影响足以盖过有机质和粘土含量的潜在变化对生态系统肥力的影响。全球大气尘埃沉降率可能会随着荒漠化和冰川退缩的增加而增加，这项研究表明，无论是在空间尺度上还是在生态系统组成部分上，对生态系统的影响都可能是深远的。
Across the globe, deserts and volcanic eruptions produce large volumes of atmospheric dust, and the amount of dust is predicted to increase with global warming. The effects of long-distance airborne dust inputs on ecosystem productivity are potentially far-reaching but have primarily been measured in soil and plants. Airborne dust could also drive distribution and abundance at higher trophic levels, but opportunities to explore these relationships are rare. Here we use Iceland's steep dust deposition gradients to assess the influence of dust on the distribution and abundance of internationally important ground-nesting bird populations. Surveys of the abundance of breeding birds at 729 locations throughout lowland Iceland were used to explore the influence of dust deposition on bird abundance in agricultural, dry, and wet habitats. Dust deposition had a strong positive effect on bird abundance across Iceland in dry and wet habitats, but not in agricultural land where nutrient levels are managed. The abundance of breeding waders, the dominant group of terrestrial birds in Iceland, tripled on average between the lowest and highest dust deposition classes in both wet and dry habitats. The deposition and redistribution of volcanic materials can have powerful impacts in terrestrial ecosystems and can be a major driver of the abundance of higher trophic-level organisms at broad spatial scales. The impacts of volcanic ash deposition during eruptions and subsequent redistribution of unstable volcanic materials are strong enough to override effects of underlying variation in organic matter and clay content on ecosystem fertility. Global rates of atmospheric dust deposition are likely to increase with increasing desertification and glacier retreat, and this study demonstrates that the effects on ecosystems are likely to be far-reaching, both in terms of spatial scales and ecosystem components.
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Arnalds, O;Gisladottir, FO;Sigurjonsson, H
通讯作者：
Sigurjonsson, H
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Baratoux, D.;Mangold, N.;Pinet, P.
通讯作者：
Pinet, P.
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Eger, Andre;Almond, Peter C.;Condron, Leo M.
通讯作者：
Condron, Leo M.
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Arnalds, Olafur;Gisladottir, Fanney Osk;Orradottir, Berglind
通讯作者：
Orradottir, Berglind
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Ausden, M;Sutherland, WJ;James, R
通讯作者：
James, R