A potential link between lateral semicircular canal orientation, head posture, and dietary habits in extant rhinos (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae)
A potential link between lateral semicircular canal orientation, head posture, and dietary habits in extant rhinos (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae)
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现存犀牛（奇蹄目、犀科）侧半规管方向、头部姿势和饮食习惯之间的潜在联系
DOI：
10.1002/jmor.20753
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Schellhorn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schellhorn
现存的犀牛都有独特的鼻角，尽管角的数量和大小在五个物种之间有所不同。虽然所有物种都是食草动物，但它们的饮食偏好、枕部形状和常见的头部姿势各不相同。传统上，为了预测犀牛的“通常”头部姿势（动物在正常的无压力活动中最常用的头部姿势，即站立），枕部形状被使用。而向后倾斜的枕部意味着向下悬挂的头部（通常在食草动物中发现），向前倾斜的枕部与浏览犀牛的水平头部姿势有关。在这项研究中，通过微CT图像重建骨迷路的外侧半规管（LSC），以研究现存犀牛的LSC方向与头部姿势之间的可能联系。在一些非犀牛类群的正常活动中，假设内耳LSC保持水平（与地面平行），通常的头部姿势以前被重建。目前的LSC方向分析表明，放牧白犀牛的通常头部姿态是向下倾斜的，而浏览爪哇犀牛的通常头部姿态是接近水平的。其他三种浏览或混合进食的物种表现出亚水平（更接近水平而不是向下倾斜）的头部姿势。结果表明，解剖学和行为学方面，如枕部形状、角/象牙状下门牙的存在和大小，以及进食和进食高度偏好，都会影响通常的头部姿势。由于缺乏现存犀牛通常的头部姿势的定量行为数据，因此本文描述的LSC方向与由此产生的与进食偏好相关的头部姿势之间的关系提供了新的见解。结果表明，内耳提供了额外的信息来解释通常的头部姿势，这些姿势与进食偏好有关，很容易适应化石犀牛。
Extant rhinoceroses share the characteristic nasal horn, although the number and size of horns varies among the five species. Although all species are herbivores, their dietary preferences, occipital shapes, and common head postures vary. Traditionally, to predict the “usual” head posture (the most used head posture of animals during normal unstressed activities, i.e., standing) of rhinos, the occipital shape was used. While a backward inclined occiput implies a downward hanging head (often found in grazers), a forward inclined occiput is related to the horizontal head posture in browsing rhinos. In this study, the lateral semicircular canal (LSC) of the bony labyrinth was virtually reconstructed from µCT‐images in order to investigate a possible link between LSC orientation and head posture in extant rhinoceroses. The usual head posture was formerly reconstructed for several non‐rhinoceros taxa with the assumption that the LSC of the inner ear is held horizontal (parallel to the ground) during normal activity of the living animal. The current analysis of the LSC orientation resulted in a downward inclined usual head posture for the grazing white rhinoceros and a nearly horizontal head posture in the browsing Javan rhinoceros. The other three browsing or mixed feeding species show subhorizontal (closer to horizontal than a downgrade inclination) head postures. The results show that anatomical and behavioral aspects, like occipital shape, presence and size of horns/tusk‐like lower incisors, as well as feeding and feeding height preferences influence the usual head posture. Because quantitative behavioral data are lacking for the usual head postures of the extant rhinos, the here described relationship between the LSC orientation and the resulting head posture linked to feeding preferences gives new insights. The results show, that the inner ear provides additional information to interpret usual head postures linked to feeding preferences that can easily be adapted to fossil rhinoceroses.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Groves CP;Fernando P;Robovský J
通讯作者：
Robovský J
莱托利的古生物学和地质学：背景下的人类进化
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
T. Harrison
通讯作者：
T. Harrison
黑犀牛（Diceros bicornis L.）的生态和行为。
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
J. Goddard;R. Schenkel;L. Schenkel
通讯作者：
L. Schenkel
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
F. E. Zeuner
通讯作者：
F. E. Zeuner
DOI：
10.1007/bf02986041
发表时间：
1981
期刊：
Paläontologische Zeitschrift
影响因子：
--
作者：
K. Heissig
通讯作者：
K. Heissig