The sixth rhino: a taxonomic re-assessment of the critically endangered northern white rhinoceros.
The sixth rhino: a taxonomic re-assessment of the critically endangered northern white rhinoceros.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0009703
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发表时间：
2010-04-07
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Robovský J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Groves CP;Fernando P;Robovský J
白犀牛的两种形态；北部和南部有着截然不同的保护历史。曾经数量众多的北方品种现在已经濒临灭绝，而南方品种已经从几个个体恢复到几千个种群。自30多年前的最后一次分类评估以来，新的材料和分析技术已经出现，有必要对现有信息进行审查并重新评估分类。牙形态和颅解剖清楚地诊断出南部和北部的形态。这一分化得到了牙体指标、颅骨生长和颅骨测量的支持，并与颅后骨骼、外部测量和外部特征的差异相对应。在它们的行为和生态的有限描述中没有发现明显的差异。化石历史表明，该属的古老，至少可以追溯到上新世早期，并演变成许多可诊断的形式。在颅骨计量学分析中，被检查的头骨化石不属于现存的两种形式。在核基因组和线粒体基因组中，两种形式之间的遗传差异是一致的，表明了一百多万年的分离。在重新评估这两种形式的分类时，我们发现它们在形态和遗传上是不同的，有理由承认以前被指定为亚种的分类群；南方的白绒角蜂和北方的白绒角蜂分别是两个不同的种。认识到北方形式作为一个独特的物种对其保护具有深远的意义。
The two forms of white rhinoceros; northern and southern, have had contrasting conservation histories. The Northern form, once fairly numerous is now critically endangered, while the southern form has recovered from a few individuals to a population of a few thousand. Since their last taxonomic assessment over three decades ago, new material and analytical techniques have become available, necessitating a review of available information and re-assessment of the taxonomy. Dental morphology and cranial anatomy clearly diagnosed the southern and northern forms. The differentiation was well supported by dental metrics, cranial growth and craniometry, and corresponded with differences in post-cranial skeleton, external measurements and external features. No distinctive differences were found in the limited descriptions of their behavior and ecology. Fossil history indicated the antiquity of the genus, dating back at least to early Pliocene and evolution into a number of diagnosable forms. The fossil skulls examined fell outside the two extant forms in the craniometric analysis. Genetic divergence between the two forms was consistent across both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, and indicated a separation of over a million years. On re-assessing the taxonomy of the two forms we find them to be morphologically and genetically distinct, warranting the recognition of the taxa formerly designated as subspecies; Ceratotherium simum simum the southern form and Ceratotherium simum cottoni the northern form, as two distinct species Ceratotherium simum and Ceratotherium cottoni respectively. The recognition of the northern form as a distinct species has profound implications for its conservation.
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影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Abdala, F;Hancox, PJ;Neveling, J
通讯作者：
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