Illegal drug market responses to state recreational cannabis laws.
Illegal drug market responses to state recreational cannabis laws.
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DOI：
10.1111/add.15517
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发表时间：
2021-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rubli A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meinhofer A;Rubli A
在美国，15个州和哥伦比亚特区已经实施了娱乐性大麻法（RCLs），使娱乐性大麻使用合法化。我们的目的是估计RCLs与非法大麻、甲基苯丙胺、可卡因、海洛因、羟考酮、氢可酮、吗啡、安非他明和阿普唑仑的街头价格、效力、质量和执法缉获量之间的关系。我们汇集了2010-2019年大麻价格和2010-2019年StreetRx的众包数据，以及2006-2019年药物证据检索信息系统（STRIDE）和2007-2019年国家法医实验室信息系统（NFLIS）的管理数据。我们采用差异中的差异设计，利用RCL的交错实施来比较RCL和非RCL状态之间结果的变化。11个RCL州和40个非RCL州。主要结果是每克价格的自然对数，总体和自我报告的质量。主要策略是RCL实施的指标，使用有效日期定义。大麻市场价格下降9.2% [β=−0.092；95%置信区间(CI)= - 0.15, - 0.03]，在RCL实施后的RCL状态中，低质量采购的下降幅度最大[β= - 0.195；95% ci =−0.282−0.108]。价格下降伴随着93% [β= - 0.93；95%CI= - 1.51, - 0.36]减少了大麻在禁毒区州的执法缉获量。在非法阿片类药物中，包括海洛因、羟考酮和氢可酮，街头价格上涨，在毒品管制州执法缉获量下降。美国各州的娱乐性大麻法律似乎与这些州的非法毒品市场反应有关，包括大麻街头价格的下降。所分析的非法阿片类药物街头价格的变化可能表明，在有娱乐性大麻法律的州，其他非法药物的市场并非独立于合法的大麻市场监管。
In the United States, 15 states and the District of Columbia have implemented recreational cannabis laws (RCLs) legalizing recreational cannabis use. We aimed to estimate the association between RCLs and street prices, potency, quality and law enforcement seizures of illegal cannabis, methamphetamine, cocaine, heroin, oxycodone, hydrocodone, morphine, amphetamine, and alprazolam. We pooled crowdsourced data from 2010–2019 Price of Weed and 2010–2019 StreetRx, and administrative data from the 2006–2019 System to Retrieve Information from Drug Evidence (STRIDE) and the 2007–2019 National Forensic Laboratory Information System (NFLIS). We employed a difference-in-differences design that exploited the staggered implementation of RCLs to compare changes in outcomes between RCL and non-RCL states. 11 RCL and 40 non-RCL U.S. states. The primary outcome was the natural log of prices per gram, overall and by self-reported quality. The primary policy was an indicator of RCL implementation, defined using effective dates. The street price of cannabis decreased by 9.2% [β=−0.092; 95% confidence interval (CI)=−0.15,−0.03] in RCL states after RCL implementation, with largest declines among low-quality purchases [β=−0.195; 95%CI=−0.282,−0.108]. Price declines were accompanied by a 93% [β=−0.93; 95%CI=−1.51,−0.36] reduction in law enforcement seizures of cannabis in RCL states. Among illegal opioids, including heroin, oxycodone, and hydrocodone, street prices increased and law enforcement seizures decreased in RCL states. Recreational cannabis laws in US states appear to be associated with illegal drug market responses in those states, including reductions in the street price of cannabis. Changes in the street prices of illegal opioids analyzed may suggest that in states with recreational cannabis laws the markets for other illegal drugs are not independent of legal cannabis market regulation.
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影响因子：
39
作者：
Bachhuber, Marcus A.;Saloner, Brendan;Cunningham, Chinazo O.;Barry, Colleen L.
通讯作者：
Barry, Colleen L.
影响因子：
9.7
作者：
Bradford, Ashley C.;Bradford, W. David
通讯作者：
Bradford, W. David
DOI：
10.1111/add.15228
发表时间：
2021-05
期刊：
Addiction (Abingdon, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Gorfinkel LR;Stohl M;Greenstein E;Aharonovich E;Olfson M;Hasin D
通讯作者：
Hasin D
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Brinkman, Jeffrey;Mok-Lamme, David
通讯作者：
Mok-Lamme, David
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Anderson, D. Mark;Hansen, Benjamin;Rees, Daniel I.
通讯作者：
Rees, Daniel I.