Insect herbivory, plant-host specialization and tissue partitioning on mid-Mesozoic broadleaved conifers of Northeastern China
Insect herbivory, plant-host specialization and tissue partitioning on mid-Mesozoic broadleaved conifers of Northeastern China
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东北中生代阔叶针叶树昆虫食草性、植物-寄主特化及组织分配
DOI：
10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.09.007
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发表时间：
2015-12
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Ren Dong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ding Qiaoling;Lab;eira Conrad C.;Meng Qingmin;Ren Dong
对东北地区5个中生代中期分布区的3种阔叶针叶树Podozamites、Lindleycladus和Liaoningocladus的756个标本进行了昆虫介导的危害研究。它们是晚三叠世羊草沟组。(T3，ca. 205Ma），中侏罗世最晚的九龙山组。(J2早白垩世中期义县组。(K1，125 Ma）。这三个时间间隔的植物宿主具有5个功能性食草动物摄食组（FFG）和23个不同的损害类型（DT），使用广泛应用的DT系统进行分类。结果表明，该虫可分为5类，即外部取食（6只）、刺吸（5只）、产卵（3只）、取食（8只）和采叶（1只）。损害类型的丰富度和丰度，建立了每个FFG，包括从10到16 DT的三个时间间隔检查。在这8000万年的时间间隔，阔叶针叶树上的叶食草动物从早期的外部叶食为主（T3），后来取代了强调穿刺和吸吮（J2），其次是双模态扩展的内生相互作用产卵和叶采矿（K1）。草食动物演替的轨迹表明，从T3到K1，植物-昆虫协会从早期依赖于大量的外生模式的草食动物转变为后来的，增加品种的内生消费。这种转变也表现在食物资源的更细粒度分配和特定寄主植物组织类型的专业化。这种组织类型的细分可能促进了功能性摄食组组织空间的更大饮食饱和度。对这些草食动物转变的可能解释包括生态原因，长期环境变化，或两者兼而有之。生态因素，如（i），更分化的植物-宿主谱可供消费的演变;（ii），在植物外貌和部署的抗草食动物防御的长期变化;（iii），在植物-宿主组织的草食动物分区的变化;和（iv），寄生虫的出现，有效地调节昆虫草食动物。长期的环境变量可能与昆虫植食性风格的这些转变有关。
Insect-mediated damage was examined on 756 specimens of three broadleaved conifersPodozamites,LindleycladusandLiaoningocladus, originating from five mid-Mesozoic localities in Northeastern China. These localities are the Late Triassic Yangcaogou Fm. (T3, ca. 205 Ma), the latest Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Fm. (J2, 165 Ma), and the mid Early Cretaceous Yixian Fm. (K1, 125 Ma). Plant hosts from these three time intervals harbor five functional feeding groups (FFGs) of herbivores and 23 distinctive damage types (DTs), categorized using the widely applied DT system. The DTs were classified into the five FFGs of external foliage feeding (6 DTs), piercing and sucking (5 DTs), oviposition (3 DTs), galling (8 DTs) and leaf mining (1 DT). Damage-type richness and abundance was established for each FFG, encompassing from 10 to 16 DTs for each of the three time intervals examined. For this 80 million-year-long interval, foliar herbivory on broadleaved conifers was transformed from early predominance of external foliage feeding (T3), later replaced by an emphasis on piercing and sucking (J2), followed by bimodal expansion of endophytic interactions from oviposition and leaf mining (K1). This trajectory of herbivore succession indicates that, from T3 to K1, plant–insect associations were transformed from earlier reliance on a greater number of exophytic modes of herbivory to a later, increased variety in endophytic consumption. The transformation also was demonstrated by finer-grained partitioning of food resources and specialization on particular host-plant tissue types. This subdivision of tissue types likely promoted greater dietary saturation of tissue space by functional feeding groups. Possible explanations for these shifts in herbivory include ecological causes, long-term environmental changes, or both. Ecological factors, such as (i), evolution of a more differentiated plant-host spectrum available for consumption; (ii), long-term changes in plant physiognomy and deployment of antiherbivore defenses; (iii), change in herbivore partitioning of plant-host tissues; and (iv), emergence of the parasitoid guild for efficient regulation of insect herbivores. Long-term environmental variables may be linked to these shifts in insect herbivory style.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
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1995
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DOI：
10.5860/choice.49-4450
发表时间：
2011-09
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
E. M. Friis;P. Crane;K. Pedersen
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2004
期刊：
Regional Geology of China
影响因子：
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