Fermentative Quality and Animal Acceptability of Ensiled Persimmon Skin with Absorbents for Practical Use in Ruminant Feed
Fermentative Quality and Animal Acceptability of Ensiled Persimmon Skin with Absorbents for Practical Use in Ruminant Feed
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反刍动物饲料中应用吸附剂青贮柿皮的发酵品质和动物可接受性
DOI：
10.3390/ani10040612
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Y. Uyeno
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shimaa Mousa;K. Takeda;K. Kurosu;Y. Uyeno
虽然柿子皮（PS）具有较高的营养含量，但它通过流出物损失了许多营养价值，这阻碍了其作为饲料的使用。为了减少青贮过程中的污水产生，我们测试了三种吸湿剂（牛皮纸浆，麦麸，甜菜浆）。本研究以柿皮、柿皮+布氏乳杆菌、柿皮+布氏乳杆菌为试验材料，对五种不同规模的青贮饲料进行了研究。Buchneri依次加上每种吸收剂。我们观察到低的污水和气体的损失，在发酵处理组，这意味着这些吸收剂的发酵质量的积极贡献。此外，我们进行了体外培养试验的PS青贮饲料补充吸收剂的混合物。与其他组相比，青贮组的甲烷占总气体的比例降低。最后，我们进行了一个初步的饲养试验，干母羊的适口性与部分替代高达20%的干物质，并没有发现对采食量和可接受性的不利影响。我们的研究结果突出了PS作为反刍动物饲料的一部分的潜在用途。摘要Percuspellin皮（PS），而代表一个有吸引力的饲料来源，需要一个适当的保存程序，以增加其保质期。研究了不同干物质对柿皮青贮饲料发酵品质、体外瘤胃培养和采食量的影响。我们准备的青贮饲料表规模（实验1），并评估了五种不同的混合物：PS没有添加剂，PS加布氏乳杆菌接种物（LB），PS加LB加上每一个吸收剂牛皮纸浆，麦麸，或甜菜浆。我们在第0、14、28和60天打开保持在25 °C的实验室袋，用于发酵质量和化学分析（每次测量n = 3）。此外，在体外瘤胃模拟培养研究（实验2），我们评估了PS的发酵模式与两种吸收剂（硫酸盐纸浆和麦麸）的混合物，无论是原料（无发酵）或青贮（n = 4，每个处理）。最后，我们进行了一个体内实验，使用6只干母羊根据其体重分配到两个实验组的交叉设计的两个阶段（实验3）。对照组饲喂100%的基础日粮（高羊茅干草和精料混合物）和青贮PS（PSS）组，用PS青贮饲料与硫酸盐纸浆混合作为唯一的吸收剂替代20%的高羊茅干物质。实验1的结果显示，无论使用何种吸收剂，在经顺铂处理的组中，实验室袋的流出物体积较低（p < 0.001）。在实验2中，PS与吸收剂（生的或青贮的）的条件不影响总产气量（p > 0.05），但我们观察到与基础饮食相比，具有吸收剂的PSS中丙酸比例增加（p = 0.019）。PSS组甲烷占总气体的比例明显低于其他各组（P < 0.001）。由于我们进行了单次运行的孵育研究，因此未来将进行更详细的评价以验证这些观察结果。在动物试验（实验3）中，各组之间的干物质摄入量相似（p > 0.05），但饲喂PSS组的母羊进食时间较短（p = 0.011）。在这里，我们提出了实际使用的PSS作为反刍动物饲料的一部分，其中干吸收剂防止干物质损失。
Simple Summary Although persimmon skin (PS) has a high nutrition content, it loses much of its nutrient value through effluent, which hampers its use as a feed. To reduce effluent production during ensiling, we tested three kinds of moisture absorbents (kraft pulp, wheat bran, and beet pulp). We evaluated five types of table scale silages: persimmon skin only, persimmon skin plus Lactobacillus buchneri inoculum, and persimmon skin plus L. buchneri plus each absorbent in turn. We observed low effluent and gas loss in absorbent-treated groups, implying a positive contribution of these absorbents to fermentation quality. Further, we performed an in vitro culture test of PS silage supplemented with an absorbent mixture. The proportion of methane to total gas decreased in the ensiled group compared with that in the other groups. Finally, we conducted a preliminary feeding experiment on dry ewes to assess the palatability of PS with a partial substitution of up to 20% dry matter, and found no adverse effect on feed intake and acceptability. Our results highlight the potential use of PS as a part of ruminant feed. Abstract Persimmon skin (PS), while representing an attractive feed source, requires an appropriate preservation procedure to increase its shelf life. We assessed the fermentation quality, in vitro ruminal incubation, and intake of persimmon skin silage ensiled with different dry absorbents. We prepared the silage on a table scale (Experiment 1) and evaluated five different mixtures: PS without an additive, PS plus Lactobacillus buchneri inoculum (LB), and PS plus LB plus each of the absorbents kraft pulp, wheat bran, or beet pulp. We opened the laboratory bags, kept at 25 °C, at 0, 14, 28, and 60 days for fermentation quality and chemical analysis (n = 3 for each measurement). Further, with an in vitro rumen simulated cultivation study (Experiment 2), we evaluated the fermentation pattern of PS with a mixture of two absorbents (kraft pulp and wheat bran) either raw (no fermentation) or ensiled (n = 4 for each treatment). Finally, we conducted an in vivo experiment using six dry ewes assigned based on their body weight to two experimental groups in a crossover design of two periods (Experiment 3). We fed a control group a 100% basal diet (tall fescue hay and concentrate mixture) and ensiled PS (PSS) group, a 20% dry matter substitution of tall fescue with PS silage mixed with kraft pulp as the sole absorbent. The results of Experiment 1 show, regardless of the absorbents used, the effluent volume of the lab bags was lower in absorbent-treated groups (p < 0.001). In Experiment 2, the condition of the PS with absorbents (raw or ensiled) did not affect the total gas production (p > 0.05), but we observed an increased propionate proportion in PSS with absorbents compared to basal diet (p = 0.019). The proportion of methane to the total gas in PSS group was considerably reduced compared with that in the other groups (p < 0.001). As we did this incubation study with a single run, a more detailed evaluation in the future would verify these observations. In the animal trial (Experiment 3), dry matter intake was similar between groups (p > 0.05), but ewes spent a shorter time eating in the PSS-fed group (p = 0.011). Here we present the practical use of PSS as part of ruminant feed in which dry absorbents prevented dry matter loss.
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
VANSOEST, PJ;ROBERTSON, JB;LEWIS, BA
通讯作者：
LEWIS, BA