Unlearning versus savings in visuomotor adaptation: comparing effects of washout, passage of time, and removal of errors on motor memory.
Unlearning versus savings in visuomotor adaptation: comparing effects of washout, passage of time, and removal of errors on motor memory.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2013.00307
复制
发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Haith AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kitago T;Ryan SL;Mazzoni P;Krakauer JW;Haith AM
当视觉干扰或其他系统干扰被施加时，人类能够迅速适应他们的运动。然而，一旦扰动被移除，适应被同样迅速地遗忘或遗忘。这种遗忘的最终原因仍然知之甚少。遗忘通常被认为是一个被动的过程，因为无法保留内部模型。然而，我们最近提出，这可能是一个回归习惯的过程，而不一定是任何遗忘本身。我们比较了遗忘的时间过程和性质，在各种协议中，遗忘是已知的发生：错误钳试验，去除视觉反馈，去除扰动，或只是一段时间的不活动。我们发现，与数学模型一致，经历零误差钳夹试验的受试者和没有视觉反馈的运动受试者之间的衰减率没有显著差异。时间本身确实会导致部分遗忘（在我们测试的持续时间内），但遗忘的量在不同的受试者之间是不一致的。当再次暴露于相同的干扰时，通过时间或恢复到真实反馈来忘却的受试者表现出储蓄。相比之下，在那些通过去除视觉反馈或被置于一系列错误钳制试验中而忘记学习的受试者中，没有观察到任何节省。因此，尽管这些不同形式的遗忘都可以使受试者恢复到基线行为，但它们对适应的长期记忆是保留下来还是也被遗忘有着明显不同的影响。在这些和以前的研究结果的基础上，我们认为，遗忘不是由于被动遗忘的内部模型，而是一个主动的过程，适应行为逐渐恢复到基线习惯。
Humans are able to rapidly adapt their movements when a visuomotor or other systematic perturbation is imposed. However, the adaptation is forgotten or unlearned equally rapidly once the perturbation is removed. The ultimate cause of this unlearning remains poorly understood. Unlearning is often considered to be a passive process due to inability to retain an internal model. However, we have recently suggested that it may instead be a process of reversion to habit, without necessarily any forgetting per se. We compared the timecourse and nature of unlearning across a variety of protocols where unlearning is known to occur: error-clamp trials, removal of visual feedback, removal of the perturbation, or simply a period of inactivity. We found that, in agreement with mathematical models, there was no significant difference in the rate of decay between subject who experienced zero-error clamp trials, and subjects who made movements with no visual feedback. Time alone did lead to partial unlearning (over the duration we tested), but the amount of unlearning was inconsistent across subjects. Upon re-exposure to the same perturbation, subjects who unlearned through time or by reverting to veridical feedback exhibited savings. By contrast, no savings was observed in subjects who unlearned by having visual feedback removed or by being placed in a series of error-clamp trials. Thus although these various forms of unlearning can all revert subjects back to baseline behavior, they have markedly different effects on whether long-term memory for the adaptation is spared or is also unlearned. On the basis of these and previous findings, we suggest that unlearning is not due to passive forgetting of an internal model, but is instead an active process whereby adapted behavior gradually reverts to baseline habits.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4614-5465-6_1
发表时间：
2013-01-01
期刊：
PROGRESS IN MOTOR CONTROL: NEURAL, COMPUTATIONAL AND DYNAMIC APPROACHES
影响因子：
--
作者：
Haith, Adrian M.;Krakauer, John W.
通讯作者：
Krakauer, John W.
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Scheidt, RA;Reinkensmeyer, DJ;Mussa-Ivaldi, FA
通讯作者：
Mussa-Ivaldi, FA
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Cheng, S;Sabes, PN
通讯作者：
Sabes, PN
与短期运动学习的不同时间尺度的自适应过程。
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Smith, Maurice A;Ghazizadeh, Ali;Shadmehr, Reza
通讯作者：
Shadmehr, Reza
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Criscimagna-Hemminger, Sarah E.;Shadmehr, Reza
通讯作者：
Shadmehr, Reza